Vrasja e aktivistit politik nacionalist t\u00eb krahut t\u00eb djatht\u00eb, Charlie Kirk, vazhdon t\u00eb shkaktoj\u00eb reagime t\u00eb nxehta n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara. Q\u00eb kur u vra n\u00eb korpusin e Universitetit t\u00eb Ohajos, Donald Trump dhe ndjek\u00ebsit e tij kan\u00eb nxitur gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb atmosfer\u00ebn kund\u00ebr “s\u00eb majt\u00ebs radikale”, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ata besojn\u00eb se ishte p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse p\u00ebr vrasjen e tij.<\/p>\n
Tani Presidenti i SHBA-s\u00eb ka njoftuar se do ta klasifikoj\u00eb l\u00ebvizjen Antifa si nj\u00eb “organizat\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme terroriste”.<\/p>\n
Ai e p\u00ebrshkroi at\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetet sociale si nj\u00eb “katastrof\u00eb t\u00eb s\u00ebmur\u00eb, t\u00eb rrezikshme dhe t\u00eb majt\u00eb” dhe tha se ata q\u00eb financojn\u00eb Antifa-n\u00eb duhet t\u00eb hetohen plot\u00ebsisht.<\/p>\n
\u00c7far\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb Antifa?<\/p>\n
Antifa \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shkurtim p\u00ebr “Veprim Antifashist”. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shoqat\u00eb e organizuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb centralizuar, por m\u00eb tep\u00ebr nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje e \u00e7lir\u00ebt e p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb nga grupe dhe individ\u00eb q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrkushtuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtuar fashizmin, racizmin, antisemitizmin, nacionalizmin, revizionizmin historik t\u00eb krahut t\u00eb djatht\u00eb dhe forma t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb ideologjive t\u00eb krahut t\u00eb djatht\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Antifa \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb spektrin politik t\u00eb majt\u00eb deri n\u00eb t\u00eb majt\u00ebn ekstreme dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb aktive n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn – ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb dhe Amerik\u00ebn e Veriut.<\/p>\n
Rr\u00ebnj\u00ebt e saj shtrihen n\u00eb Gjermanin\u00eb e viteve 1920 dhe 1930, kur n\u00eb koh\u00ebt politikisht t\u00eb trazuara t\u00eb Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Vajmarit, aktivist\u00ebt dhe grupet e krahut t\u00eb majt\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtuan Nacional-Socializmin gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm.<\/p>\n
Ajo u shpall n\u00eb vitin 1932 nga Partia Komuniste e Gjermanis\u00eb (KPD) – jo si nj\u00eb organizat\u00eb, por si nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje kund\u00ebr NSDAP.<\/p>\n
Grupet Antifa u shfaq\u00ebn edhe n\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjera, p\u00ebr shembull n\u00eb Itali kund\u00ebr qeveris\u00eb fashiste t\u00eb Benito Musolinit ose n\u00eb Spanj\u00eb si reagim ndaj diktatur\u00ebs s\u00eb Frankos.<\/p>\n
Nga antikapitaliste n\u00eb liberale<\/p>\n
Deri m\u00eb sot Antifa \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb nj\u00eb koleksion i grupeve t\u00eb ndryshme m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla n\u00eb spektrin e majt\u00eb deri n\u00eb at\u00eb ekstrem t\u00eb majt\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Fillimisht, “antifashiz\u00ebm” ishte nj\u00eb term luftarak komunist q\u00eb vinte n\u00eb dyshim edhe kapitalizmin – n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me rrethanat, logoja e l\u00ebvizjes Antifa ka dy flamuj q\u00eb tregojn\u00eb simbolikisht nga e majta: t\u00eb kuq, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson socializmin\/komunizmin, dhe t\u00eb zi, q\u00eb simbolizon anarkizmin.<\/p>\n
Megjithat\u00eb, termi antifashiz\u00ebm ka evoluar gjat\u00eb dekadave. Sot, ekziston edhe nj\u00eb “antifashiz\u00ebm qytetar-liberal”, i cili mbron ruajtjen e demokracis\u00eb dhe sundimit t\u00eb ligjit, t\u00eb cilat beson se k\u00ebrc\u00ebnohen nga ekstremizmi i krahut t\u00eb djatht\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Jo i dhunsh\u00ebm apo militant?<\/p>\n
Sado gjer\u00ebsisht q\u00eb kuptohet termi “antifashiz\u00ebm”, l\u00ebvizja “Antifa” \u00ebsht\u00eb po aq e larmishme sa edhe vet\u00eb grupi.<\/p>\n
Grupe t\u00eb shumta q\u00eb identifikohen me t\u00eb mbajn\u00eb nj\u00eb q\u00ebndrim jo t\u00eb dhunsh\u00ebm kund\u00ebr ekstremizmit t\u00eb krahut t\u00eb djatht\u00eb dhe autoritarizmit.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr shembull, ato hetojn\u00eb dhe publikojn\u00eb informacione rreth rrjeteve t\u00eb krahut t\u00eb djatht\u00eb, organizojn\u00eb protesta dhe demonstrata, ose heqin propagand\u00ebn e krahut t\u00eb djatht\u00eb.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, ka grupe militante q\u00eb tolerojn\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e dhun\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur q\u00ebllimet e tyre ose madje p\u00ebrdorin vet\u00eb dhun\u00ebn – n\u00eb forma t\u00eb ndryshme. Ata e quajn\u00eb veten grupe Antifa “autonome”, “militante” ose “t\u00eb pavarura” dhe k\u00ebshtu distancohen me vet\u00ebdije nga antifashizmi “qytetar” ose “shtet\u00ebror konformist”.<\/p>\n
Prandaj, Antifa i referohet nj\u00eb koleksioni t\u00eb larmish\u00ebm shoqatash t\u00eb ndryshme m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla pa nj\u00eb struktur\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00eb organizative.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00ebshtja n\u00ebse dhe n\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb mase p\u00ebrdorimi i dhun\u00ebs n\u00eb luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr s\u00eb djatht\u00ebs konsiderohet nj\u00eb mjet legjitim diskutohet gjer\u00ebsisht n\u00eb opinionin publik – gj\u00eb q\u00eb i ka sjell\u00eb vazhdimisht l\u00ebvizjes shum\u00eb kritika publike.<\/p>\n
Antifa n\u00eb SHBA<\/p>\n
Sot, grupet Antifa ekzistojn\u00eb n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende t\u00eb bot\u00ebs (Per\u00ebndimore) – p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb SHBA-n\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Megjithat\u00eb, as k\u00ebtu nuk ka nj\u00eb organizat\u00eb qendrore. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, Antifa USA p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet gjithashtu nga grupe lokale q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb bashkuara ideologjikisht nga koncepti i antifashizmit.<\/p>\n
Q\u00eb nga vitet 1980, ato kan\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb aktive aktivitetet e neonazist\u00ebve amerikan\u00eb, skinhead-\u00ebve racist\u00eb dhe Ku Klux Klan. Sot, m\u00eb t\u00eb famshmet jan\u00eb “Rose City Antifa”, e cila u formua n\u00eb vitin 2007 n\u00eb Portland, Oregon, grupi “Anti-Racist Action” (ARA), aktiv n\u00eb shum\u00eb qytete t\u00eb Midwest-it, dhe “Refuse Fascism”, nj\u00eb grup q\u00eb u formua pas fitores s\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb Donald Trump n\u00eb zgjedhjet presidenciale t\u00eb vitit 2016 dhe q\u00eb at\u00ebher\u00eb ka organizuar protesta kund\u00ebr fashizmit dhe autoritarizmit.<\/p>\n
Q\u00eb nga fillimi, Antifa ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb hal\u00eb n\u00eb sy p\u00ebr Donald Trump. N\u00eb disa raste – dhe gjat\u00eb mandatit t\u00eb tij t\u00eb par\u00eb – Trump njoftoi se do ta klasifikonte l\u00ebvizjen si nj\u00eb “organizat\u00eb terroriste”. Megjithat\u00eb, ekspert\u00eb dhe agjenci t\u00eb tilla si FBI dhe Departamenti i Siguris\u00eb Komb\u00ebtare e konsiderojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb plan si t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t’u zbatuar nga ana ligjore.<\/p>\n
Dyshimet ligjore jan\u00eb t\u00eb larta<\/p>\n
N\u00eb vitin 2017, drejtori i at\u00ebhersh\u00ebm i FBI-s\u00eb, Christopher Wray, deklaroi se klasifikimi si organizat\u00eb terroriste nuk ishte i mundur, sepse nuk kishte struktur\u00eb ose hierarki formale.<\/p>\n
Agjencia e sheh Antifa-n\u00eb si nj\u00eb “l\u00ebvizje potencialisht t\u00eb dhunshme” dhe po heton autor\u00ebt individual\u00eb me “nj\u00eb lloj ideologjie Antifa”. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, l\u00ebvizja \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb heterogjene p\u00ebr t’u etiketuar si nj\u00eb organizat\u00eb e qart\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb problem tjet\u00ebr ligjor \u00ebsht\u00eb se nuk ka nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm formal p\u00ebr p\u00ebrcaktimin e grupeve vendase si “organizata terroriste”.<\/p>\n
Sipas ligjit amerikan, klasifikimi i nj\u00eb grupi terrorist \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi e Departamentit t\u00eb Shtetit – dhe deri m\u00eb tani, ekziston vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb sistem p\u00ebr klasifikimin e “organizatave t\u00eb huaja terroriste” (FTO).<\/p>\n
Nd\u00ebrsa krimet e kryera nga individ\u00eb n\u00eb SHBA mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb akte terrorizmi, vet\u00eb grupet nuk marrin status formal terrorist si\u00e7 marrin n\u00eb nj\u00eb kontekst nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar.<\/p>\n
S\u00eb fundmi, ekziston Amendamenti i Par\u00eb i Kushtetut\u00ebs s\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb, i cili mbron lirin\u00eb e mendimit dhe t\u00eb tubimit, si dhe lirin\u00eb e besimit politik – madje edhe mendimet radikale anti-qeveritare mbrohen nga Kushtetuta.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebrcaktimi terrorist mund t\u00eb interpretohet si nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb kriminalizuar pik\u00ebpamjet politike t\u00eb mbrojtura ligj\u00ebrisht – gj\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte n\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtim me Amendamentin e Par\u00eb t\u00eb Kushtetut\u00ebs s\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb. \/DW<\/a>\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Vrasja e aktivistit politik nacionalist t\u00eb krahut t\u00eb djatht\u00eb, Charlie Kirk, vazhdon t\u00eb shkaktoj\u00eb reagime t\u00eb nxehta n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara. Q\u00eb kur u vra n\u00eb korpusin e Universitetit t\u00eb Ohajos, Donald Trump dhe ndjek\u00ebsit e tij kan\u00eb nxitur gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb atmosfer\u00ebn kund\u00ebr “s\u00eb majt\u00ebs radikale”, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ata besojn\u00eb se ishte p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":123901,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-123900","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-bota"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/123900","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=123900"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/123900\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":123902,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/123900\/revisions\/123902"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/123901"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=123900"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=123900"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=123900"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}