Migracioni vazhdon t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb nga shtyllat kryesore q\u00eb form\u00ebson ekonomin\u00eb dhe shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb shqiptare.<\/p>\n
Sipas Anket\u00ebs s\u00eb Migracionit t\u00eb Familjeve 2024, realizuar nga INSTAT n\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim me Bank\u00ebn Bot\u00ebrore, rreth 37% e familjeve n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri kan\u00eb t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn nj\u00eb an\u00ebtar q\u00eb aktualisht jeton jasht\u00eb vendit ose ka migruar dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb kthyer, duke konfirmuar p\u00ebrmasat masive dhe afatgjata t\u00eb emigracionit shqiptar.<\/p>\n
Anketa vler\u00ebson se rreth 1.6 milion\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb jetojn\u00eb jasht\u00eb vendit, nd\u00ebrsa mbi 108 mij\u00eb persona jan\u00eb kthyer n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri gjat\u00eb 12 viteve t\u00eb fundit, duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb migracionin nj\u00eb cik\u00ebl t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm dhe jo nj\u00eb fenomen t\u00eb p\u00ebrkohsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n
Sipas anket\u00ebs rreth 22 p\u00ebr qind e familjeve kan\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00eb aktualisht jasht\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa 20 p\u00ebr qind kan\u00eb t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn nj\u00eb migrant t\u00eb kthyer.<\/p>\n
T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat tregojn\u00eb se emigracioni \u00ebsht\u00eb kryesisht nj\u00eb fenomen i t\u00eb rinjve n\u00eb mosh\u00eb pune, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht meshkuj. Gati tre t\u00eb kat\u00ebrtat e emigrant\u00ebve aktual\u00eb jan\u00eb meshkuj dhe shumica i p\u00ebrkasin grup-mosh\u00ebs 25\u201344 vje\u00e7, pik\u00ebrisht b\u00ebrthama m\u00eb produktive e tregut t\u00eb pun\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb aspektin arsimor, emigrant\u00ebt jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb arsimuar se popullsia q\u00eb mbetet n\u00eb vend: mbi dy t\u00eb tretat kan\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar arsimin e mes\u00ebm dhe rreth 18% kan\u00eb arsim t\u00eb lart\u00eb, me diferenca t\u00eb theksuara sipas vendit prit\u00ebs. SHBA-ja dhe Gjermania t\u00ebrheqin emigrant\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb arsimuar, nd\u00ebrsa Greqia mbetet destinacioni kryesor p\u00ebr emigrant\u00ebt me arsim m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt.<\/span><\/p>\n Para largimit, shumica e emigrant\u00ebve jan\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuar n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, por kryesisht n\u00eb profesione me aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb ul\u00ebta ose t\u00eb mesme dhe me paga m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta se mesatarja.<\/p>\n N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, pritshm\u00ebrit\u00eb p\u00ebr jet\u00ebn jasht\u00eb rezultojn\u00eb t\u00eb fryra, emigrant\u00ebt presin t\u00eb fitojn\u00eb mesatarisht rreth 3,900 dollar\u00eb n\u00eb muaj, por t\u00eb ardhurat reale jan\u00eb rreth 2,200 dollar\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa kursimet reale jan\u00eb pothuajse trefish m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta se sa ishin parashikuar.<\/p>\n Megjith\u00ebse emigracioni rrit ndjesh\u00ebm t\u00eb ardhurat, emigrant\u00ebt fitojn\u00eb mesatarisht 2.5 her\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se sa n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, p\u00ebrfitimet shoq\u00ebrohen me pasiguri t\u00eb konsiderueshme. Nj\u00eb n\u00eb tre emigrant\u00eb punon pa kontrat\u00eb t\u00eb shkruar dhe mbi nj\u00eb e kat\u00ebrta nuk p\u00ebrfiton sigurime shoq\u00ebrore apo pushime t\u00eb paguara, duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb pun\u00ebsimin m\u00eb t\u00eb pasigurt krahasuar me popullsin\u00eb vendase n\u00eb vendet prit\u00ebse.<\/p>\n Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr problem i theksuar \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00ebnshfryt\u00ebzimi i kapitalit njer\u00ebzor, pasi rreth nj\u00eb e treta e emigrant\u00ebve aktual\u00eb dhe afro 80% e emigrant\u00ebve t\u00eb kthyer me arsim t\u00eb lart\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb profesione q\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb kualifikime m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta se arsimi i tyre.<\/p>\n Remitancat mbeten nj\u00eb nga p\u00ebrfitimet m\u00eb t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejta t\u00eb emigracionit p\u00ebr ekonomin\u00eb shqiptare. Rreth gjysma e familjeve me emigrant\u00eb kan\u00eb marr\u00eb remitanca gjat\u00eb vitit t\u00eb fundit dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebto familje, d\u00ebrgesat nga jasht\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb mesatarisht 41% t\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurave totale.<\/p>\n Megjithat\u00eb, anketa tregon se remitancat p\u00ebrdoren kryesisht p\u00ebr konsum baz\u00eb, si ushqimi, shpenzimet e p\u00ebrditshme dhe kujdesi sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor, nd\u00ebrsa investimet produktive n\u00eb biznes apo bujq\u00ebsi jan\u00eb pothuajse t\u00eb pap\u00ebrfillshme. Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr problem \u00ebsht\u00eb se vet\u00ebm rreth 30% e remitancave d\u00ebrgohen p\u00ebrmes kanaleve formale, nd\u00ebrsa pjesa m\u00eb e madhe qarkullon p\u00ebrmes rrjeteve informale, duke kufizuar ndikimin e tyre n\u00eb zhvillimin financiar dhe formalizimin e ekonomis\u00eb.<\/p>\n Anketa hedh drit\u00eb edhe mbi rikthimin e emigrant\u00ebve, nj\u00eb proces q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtuar vitet e fundit. Rreth 45% e emigrant\u00ebve t\u00eb kthyer jan\u00eb rikthyer pas vitit 2020, shpesh p\u00ebr arsye ekonomike ose p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb pasiguris\u00eb n\u00eb vendet prit\u00ebse. Fillimisht, emigrant\u00ebt e kthyer p\u00ebrballen me v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi n\u00eb pun\u00ebsim, por me kalimin e koh\u00ebs arrijn\u00eb norma pun\u00ebsimi m\u00eb t\u00eb larta se popullsia jo-emigrante. Vet\u00ebpun\u00ebsimi shfaqet si nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme riintegrimi, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr grat\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb kaluar periudha t\u00eb gjata jasht\u00eb vendit, duke treguar potencial p\u00ebr krijimin e vendeve t\u00eb reja t\u00eb pun\u00ebs.<\/p>\n Elsa Dhuli, Drejtoresh\u00eb e P\u00ebrgjithshme e INSTAT, u shpreh:\u00a0\u201cMigracioni \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb realitet strukturor p\u00ebr shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb shqiptare dhe kjo pasqyrohet qart\u00eb edhe n\u00eb shifrat e anket\u00ebs. Mesazhi kryesor \u00ebsht\u00eb i qart\u00eb: migracioni sjell nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht p\u00ebrfitime dhe kosto, dhe balanca mes tyre varet nga politikat q\u00eb nd\u00ebrmerren. Statistikat zyrtare t\u00eb prodhuara nga INSTAT nuk jan\u00eb thjesht nj\u00eb pasqyrim i realitetit, por nj\u00eb mjet konkret p\u00ebr vendimmarr\u00ebsit. Ato duhet t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb identifikuar problematikat, p\u00ebr t\u00eb orientuar nd\u00ebrhyrjet publike dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar efektin e politikave, me q\u00ebllim q\u00eb migracioni t\u00eb kontribuoj\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb mir\u00ebqenien sociale dhe zhvillimin ekonomik t\u00eb vendit.<\/em><\/p>\n Ingrid Macdonald, Koordinatore Rezidente e OKB-s\u00eb n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, u shpreh:\u00a0\u201cT\u00eb kuptuarit se pse njer\u00ebzit l\u00ebvizin, ku l\u00ebvizin dhe si kontribuojn\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb thelb\u00ebsor, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr nj\u00eb vend si Shqip\u00ebria, ku migracioni ka form\u00ebsuar prej koh\u00ebsh shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb. T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e besueshme jan\u00eb nj\u00eb domosdoshm\u00ebri q\u00eb u mund\u00ebsojn\u00eb politik\u00ebb\u00ebr\u00ebsve t\u00eb kuptojn\u00eb ndryshimet n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale, t\u00eb parashikojn\u00eb nevojat e ardhshme dhe t\u00eb hartojn\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse, t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruara te njer\u00ebzit dhe sa m\u00eb efektive.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n Evis Sulko, Z\u00ebvend\u00ebs Drejtuese e Zyr\u00ebs s\u00eb Grupit t\u00eb Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore p\u00ebr Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb, u shpreh:\u00a0Anketa e Migracionit pran\u00eb Familjes p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson nj\u00eb hap t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb forcimin e ekosistemit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave mbi migracionin n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri. P\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimi i m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs se si migracioni matet dhe kuptohet mb\u00ebshtet vendimmarrje m\u00eb t\u00eb mira politike dhe ndihmon q\u00eb migracioni t\u00eb kontribuoj\u00eb pozitivisht n\u00eb zhvillimin afatgjat\u00eb t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n Sonja Kurz, Drejtore e GIZ Albania, tha:\u00a0\u201cMigracioni ka form\u00ebsuar prej koh\u00ebsh zhvillimin social dhe ekonomik t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb dhe, ndon\u00ebse ofron mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, ai paraqet edhe sfida komplekse. Pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, institucione t\u00eb forta, politika t\u00eb koordinuara dhe t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb besueshme jan\u00eb themelore. P\u00ebr ne si partner zbatues, t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat solide jan\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore p\u00ebr t\u00eb dizajnuar programe efektive dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur ndikim real.\u201d \u2022 Alma Jani, Drejtuese e Zyr\u00ebs s\u00eb IOM n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, u shpreh: \u201cP\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, Shqip\u00ebria p\u00ebrfiton nga nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb e kombinuar sasiore dhe cil\u00ebsore e migracionit. Kjo qasje na lejon t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb rrug\u00ebt e migracionit n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse, duke lidhur t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat me perspektivat e institucioneve, komuniteteve dhe diaspor\u00ebs, dhe duke mb\u00ebshtetur politika t\u00eb orientuara drejt s\u00eb ardhmes\u201d.<\/em>\/Monitor<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Migracioni vazhdon t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb nga shtyllat kryesore q\u00eb form\u00ebson ekonomin\u00eb dhe shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb shqiptare. Sipas Anket\u00ebs s\u00eb Migracionit t\u00eb Familjeve 2024, realizuar nga INSTAT n\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim me Bank\u00ebn Bot\u00ebrore, rreth 37% e familjeve n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri kan\u00eb t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn nj\u00eb an\u00ebtar q\u00eb aktualisht jeton jasht\u00eb vendit ose ka migruar dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb kthyer, duke konfirmuar p\u00ebrmasat masive …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":129944,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-131149","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-politike"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131149","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=131149"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131149\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":131150,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131149\/revisions\/131150"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/129944"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=131149"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=131149"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=131149"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}