{"id":136844,"date":"2026-02-24T17:43:00","date_gmt":"2026-02-24T17:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/?p=136844"},"modified":"2026-02-25T09:05:50","modified_gmt":"2026-02-25T09:05:50","slug":"pse-shqiperia-ka-nevoje-per-nje-reforme-zgjedhore-si-ajo-e-modelit-kroat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/2026\/02\/24\/pse-shqiperia-ka-nevoje-per-nje-reforme-zgjedhore-si-ajo-e-modelit-kroat\/","title":{"rendered":"Pse Shqip\u00ebria ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb reform\u00eb zgjedhore si ajo e modelit kroat"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nga Fransua MATO<\/strong><\/p>\n

Shqip\u00ebria po kalon nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb historike ku heshtja e qytetar\u00ebve ka filluar t\u00eb b\u00ebhet m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00eb se zhurma e politik\u00ebs s\u00eb dit\u00ebs, sepse \u00ebsht\u00eb shprehje e qart\u00eb e munges\u00ebs s\u00eb shpres\u00ebs dhe alternativ\u00ebs. Vazhdon t\u00eb sh\u00ebnjohet si nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb ku mij\u00ebra shqiptar\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb nisen \u00e7do dit\u00eb drejt pikave doganore e aeroporteve me nj\u00eb \u00e7ant\u00eb shpine n\u00eb kurriz, me shpres\u00ebn p\u00ebr nj\u00eb jet\u00eb t\u00eb re, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb alternative q\u00eb nuk ua siguron vendi i tyre. Jan\u00eb pamje q\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebriten prej vitesh, njer\u00ebz q\u00eb ikin pa kthyer kok\u00ebn pas, t\u00eb lodhur nga nj\u00eb elite drejtuese q\u00eb nuk i d\u00ebgjon, nga nj\u00eb sistem q\u00eb nuk i p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson, nga nj\u00eb qeveri q\u00eb nuk i llogarit, p\u00ebrve\u00e7\u00ebse p\u00ebr votime. N\u00eb aeroport, n\u00eb autobus\u00ebt q\u00eb udh\u00ebtojn\u00eb \u00e7do dit\u00eb drejt Europ\u00ebs, n\u00eb rradh\u00ebt e gjata t\u00eb emigracionit, shum\u00eb prej tyre p\u00ebrs\u00ebrisin t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn fjali: \u201c\u00c7far\u00eb po ndodh me ne?\u201d.<\/p>\n

E gjith\u00eb kjo ikje masive mendoj se nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht vet\u00ebm nga shkaku i kriz\u00ebs ekonomike; para s\u00eb gjithash mendoj se \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kriz\u00eb e thell\u00eb besimi. Besimi tek drejt\u00ebsia, tek institucionet, tek shteti, tek p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimi. Si\u00e7 thoshte Friedrich Nietzsche se ajo q\u00eb e sfilit m\u00eb shum\u00eb njeriun nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb dhimbja, por moskuptimi i saj, kur tjetri nuk ka ndjeshm\u00ebri p\u00ebr dhimbjen t\u00ebnde. Kur nj\u00eb popull humbet besimin tek p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimi politik, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb thjesht lodhje me moralin politik; \u00ebsht\u00eb paraliz\u00eb shoq\u00ebrore. Demokracia nuk funksionon n\u00ebse pro\u00e7esi i votimit kthehet vet\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb ritual dhe jo n\u00eb rezultatin e pritsh\u00ebm nga vota. Dhe shqiptar\u00ebt e din\u00eb si \u00ebsht\u00eb demokracia, e din\u00eb \u00e7\u2019do t\u00eb thot\u00eb demokraci, pavar\u00ebsisht se nuk e kan\u00eb ende n\u00eb dor\u00eb pushtetin e vot\u00ebs. E kuptojn\u00eb sa her\u00eb q\u00eb shohin se listat \u201cgjysm\u00eb t\u00eb hapura\u201d jan\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb mbyllura hermetikisht; sa her\u00eb q\u00eb shohin se deputet\u00ebt nuk ndryshojn\u00eb asnj\u00eb rresht t\u00eb renditjes s\u00eb tyre pavar\u00ebsisht vot\u00ebs s\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve; sa her\u00eb q\u00eb shohin se diaspora, nj\u00eb e treta e kombit, mbetet e padukshme politikisht, nj\u00eb trup\u00eb e madhe qytetar\u00ebsh q\u00eb votojn\u00eb pa u p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuar dhe q\u00eb p\u00ebrmenden vet\u00ebm n\u00eb fjalimet e fushatave.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb nga problemet e k\u00ebtij sistemi \u00ebsht\u00eb dhe mosp\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimi i diaspor\u00ebs. Diaspora \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb aset i jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr vendin ton\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb aset edhe p\u00ebr vendet ku jan\u00eb integruar shqiptar\u00ebt e m\u00ebrguar, ndaj duhet patjet\u00ebr t\u00eb ket\u00eb z\u00ebrin e vet n\u00eb legjislativin shqiptar. Diaspora jan\u00eb djemt\u00eb e vajzat e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb q\u00eb m\u00ebrguan nga toka e nga deti p\u00ebrmes rreziqeve t\u00eb panum\u00ebrta p\u00ebr ta ndihmuar financiarisht familjen shqiptare, e k\u00ebshtu dhe rim\u00ebk\u00ebmbjen e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb d\u00ebm i dyfisht\u00eb: moral (ka d\u00ebmtuar besimin) dhe demokratik (ka d\u00ebmtuar sistemin). M\u00eb n\u00eb detaje: moral, sepse p\u00ebrjashton nga jeta politike nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb dhe shum\u00eb aktive t\u00eb popullit – shqiptar\u00ebt q\u00eb punojn\u00eb, studiojn\u00eb dhe jetojn\u00eb jasht\u00eb. Demokratik, sepse krijon nj\u00eb parlament t\u00eb cunguar, me nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsim t\u00eb deformuar ku mungon nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e konsiderueshme e vullnetit t\u00eb popullit.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb zgjedhjet e fundit me diaspor\u00ebn u luajt nj\u00eb fars\u00eb e sh\u00ebmtuar, e cila nuk duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritet m\u00eb n\u00eb zgjedhjet e ardhshme. Nj\u00eb praktik\u00eb tjet\u00ebr zgjedhore aspak serioze \u00ebsh\u00eb se n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri votohet sipas qarqeve pa nj\u00eb logjik\u00eb demografike, ku vota e nj\u00eb qytetari n\u00eb Tiran\u00eb nuk ka t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn pesh\u00eb me vot\u00ebn e nj\u00eb qytetari n\u00eb Kuk\u00ebs apo Gjirokast\u00ebr (ka pesh\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb). Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, listat e partive, edhe pse quhen \u201ct\u00eb hapura\u201d, hapen aq pak sa i gjith\u00eb sistemi duket sikur \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur para se t\u00eb shkoj\u00eb tek zgjedh\u00ebsi. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin Ballkan ku ne jetojm\u00eb, dhe ku kemi nj\u00eb histori tranzicioni pak a shum\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb n\u00eb start, Kroacia ka arritur t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoj\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem proporcional t\u00eb drejt\u00eb e funksional. Jo sepse \u00ebsht\u00eb vend m\u00eb i pasur apo m\u00eb i begat\u00eb politikisht, por sepse ka marr\u00eb vendime t\u00eb guximshme.<\/p>\n

Kroacia ka dhjet\u00eb nj\u00ebsi zgjedhore t\u00eb barabarta, ku secila zgjedh t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin num\u00ebr deputet\u00ebsh, duke siguruar pesh\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb t\u00eb vot\u00ebs kudo n\u00eb territor. K\u00ebt\u00eb parim, q\u00eb Aristoteli e quante \u201cbarazia e pesh\u00ebs s\u00eb qytetaris\u00eb\u201d, Shqip\u00ebria nuk e ka arritur ende. Edhe m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u00ebsht\u00eb se Kroacia ka nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsi t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb zgjedhore p\u00ebr diaspor\u00ebn -Nj\u00ebsin\u00eb XI, e cila zgjedh gjithashtu deputet\u00ebt e vet dhe iu jep politikan\u00ebve kroat\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi direkte p\u00ebr qytetar\u00ebt jasht\u00eb vendit, dhe p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi p\u00ebr bashkatdhetar\u00ebt q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb e punojn\u00eb n\u00eb shtetin am\u00eb. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb pjesa q\u00eb Shqip\u00ebria e ka refuzuar p\u00ebr tridhjet\u00eb vite, duke e trajtuar diaspor\u00ebn jo si pjes\u00eb institucionale t\u00eb organit ligjv\u00ebn\u00ebs shqiptar, por vet\u00ebm si dekor p\u00ebr fushata elektorale.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb njoll\u00eb tjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb dhe vota vota preferenciale e ligj\u00ebruar n\u00eb Kodin elektoral shqiptar. N\u00eb Kroaci, n\u00ebse nj\u00eb kandidat merr 10% t\u00eb votave t\u00eb partis\u00eb s\u00eb tij, ai ngrihet automatikisht n\u00eb list\u00eb, duke respektuar k\u00ebshtu vullnetin e zgjedh\u00ebsve. Kjo e detyron \u00e7do kandidat t\u00eb shkoj\u00eb te njer\u00ebzit, t\u00eb punoj\u00eb me ta, t\u2019i d\u00ebgjoj\u00eb, t\u2019u jap\u00eb llogari. E detyron t\u00eb jet\u00eb lider i komunitetit, jo i korridoreve t\u00eb partis\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, vota preferenciale \u00ebsht\u00eb simbolike, nj\u00eb num\u00ebrim q\u00eb nuk ndryshon asgj\u00eb. Deputeti e di se mandati i tij nuk varet nga qytetar\u00ebt – prandaj nuk kthehet kurr\u00eb m\u00eb pas tek zgjedh\u00ebsit e tij. Dhe qytetar\u00ebt e din\u00eb se deputeti nuk varet prej tyre – prandaj nuk presin m\u00eb asgj\u00eb prej tij, prandaj shumica d\u00ebrrmuese rreshtohet n\u00eb elektoratin gri. I braktis votimet.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu vdes p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimi. Kroacia, nj\u00eb vend me nj\u00eb struktur\u00eb legjislativi t\u00eb menduar dhe t\u00eb barabart\u00eb, ka krijuar jo vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb parlament m\u00eb funksional, por edhe nj\u00eb lidhje m\u00eb t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetshme mes qytetar\u00ebve dhe politik\u00ebs. Ajo ka kuptuar di\u00e7ka t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb q\u00eb Tocqueville e shpreh qart\u00eb: \u201cDemokracia q\u00ebndron ose bie nga p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimi; kur p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimi prishet, edhe demokracia prishet\u201d. Kroacia ka mundur ta shmang\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rrezik; Shqip\u00ebria po e p\u00ebrjeton ende n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb dhimbshme. N\u00ebse Shqip\u00ebria do t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtaste element\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb dobish\u00ebm t\u00eb modelit kroat; riorganizimin e nj\u00ebsive zgjedhore p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pesh\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb t\u00eb vot\u00ebs, krijimin e nj\u00eb zone zgjedhore p\u00ebr diaspor\u00ebn, forcimin e vot\u00ebs preferenciale me efekt automatik mbi renditjen, sistemi politik shqiptar do t\u00eb ndryshonte rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsisht, edhe besimi tek institucionet dhe politika do t\u00eb ndryshonte gjithashtu. Do t\u00eb kishim nj\u00eb parlament m\u00eb autonom, m\u00eb pluralist, m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegjsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Deputet\u00ebt do t\u00eb detyroheshin t\u2019iu drejtoheshin njer\u00ebzve dhe t\u2019i p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsonin m\u00eb me p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi ata, nuk do ngeleshin \u201ckukulla\u201d me kartona n\u00eb duar duke ndjekur me bisht t\u00eb syrit miratimin apo mosmiratimin e kryetar\u00ebve. Diaspora do t\u00eb kishte z\u00eb politik dhe p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi politike. Pesha e vot\u00ebs do t\u00eb ishte e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb n\u00eb gjith\u00eb vendin. Do t\u00eb zhdukej ndjesia e padrejt\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe e paracaktimit t\u00eb kandidat\u00ebve q\u00eb do futen n\u00eb parlament q\u00eb n\u00eb list\u00eb, pa shkuar ende te votuesi. N\u00eb situat\u00ebn e sotme politike shqiptare dhe me kultur\u00ebn politike q\u00eb u krijua tek ne pas r\u00ebnies s\u00eb regjimit komunist, e gjitha kjo duket asgj\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se utopi. Por n\u00eb fakt nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aspak utopi. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aspak e pamundur. \u00cbsht\u00eb thjesht ajo q\u00eb kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb vende e popuj me struktur\u00eb modeste dhe mentalitet politik t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm me ne. Problemi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb mungesa e modeleve, \u00ebsht\u00eb mungesa e vullnetit. Politikan\u00ebt shpesh kan\u00eb frik\u00eb nga sistemet e drejta, sepse sistemet e drejta i b\u00ebjn\u00eb ata t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegjsh\u00ebm. Por pa k\u00ebt\u00eb ndryshim, Shqip\u00ebria rrezikon t\u00eb q\u00ebndroj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje q\u00eb Jean Jacques Rousseau e p\u00ebrshkruante me nj\u00eb ironi ther\u00ebse: \u201cPopulli anglez mendon se \u00ebsht\u00eb i lir\u00eb, por \u00ebsht\u00eb i lir\u00eb vet\u00ebm gjat\u00eb dit\u00ebs s\u00eb zgjedhjeve\u201d. Tek ne, rreziku \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe m\u00eb i madh: t\u00eb mos jemi t\u00eb lir\u00eb as n\u00eb dit\u00ebn e zgjedhjeve, sepse vota nuk prodhon p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsim. N\u00eb fund, \u00e7do reform\u00eb zgjedhore \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se teknik\u00eb; \u00ebsht\u00eb akt moral. \u00cbsht\u00eb pyetja se kujt i sh\u00ebrben shteti: ligjv\u00ebn\u00ebsve me shpurat e tyre apo qytetar\u00ebve?<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse Shqip\u00ebria d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb ndal\u00eb largimin masiv, t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsoj\u00eb diaspor\u00ebn e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb forc\u00eb demografike e qytetar\u00ebve shqiptar\u00eb me nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb padiskutuesh\u00ebm social-ekonomik n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, – t\u00eb ringjall\u00eb besimin demokratik, duhet t\u00eb filloj\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht k\u00ebtu: tek vota, tek p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimi, tek barazia politike. Sistemi elektoral duhet reformuar n\u00eb disa drejtime; theksi im \u00ebsht\u00eb tek marrja parasysh e sistemit kroat, p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimin e diaspor\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebr vler\u00ebn e barabart\u00eb t\u00eb vot\u00ebs. Si\u00e7 thoshte Vaclav Havel, \u201cshpresa nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb bindja se gjith\u00e7ka do t\u00eb shkoj\u00eb mir\u00eb, por bindja se di\u00e7ka ka kuptim, pavar\u00ebsisht si shkon\u201d. Shqip\u00ebria ka nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb rikthej\u00eb kuptimin e vot\u00ebs. Ka nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb rikthej\u00eb kuptimin e demokracis\u00eb. Ka nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb rikthej\u00eb kuptimin e p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimit t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve t\u00eb vet, pavar\u00ebsisht ku jetojn\u00eb, apo cilat ide politike p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb, gj\u00eb e cila sjell shpres\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb. Sepse, n\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, vet\u00ebm kur qytetari do filloj\u00eb ta ndjej\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb i p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuar, mund t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr kthimin e shpres\u00ebs s\u00eb Shqip\u00ebria do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga Fransua MATO Shqip\u00ebria po kalon nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb historike ku heshtja e qytetar\u00ebve ka filluar t\u00eb b\u00ebhet m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00eb se zhurma e politik\u00ebs s\u00eb dit\u00ebs, sepse \u00ebsht\u00eb shprehje e qart\u00eb e munges\u00ebs s\u00eb shpres\u00ebs dhe alternativ\u00ebs. Vazhdon t\u00eb sh\u00ebnjohet si nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb ku mij\u00ebra shqiptar\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb nisen \u00e7do dit\u00eb drejt pikave doganore e …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":136867,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-136844","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-politike"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136844","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=136844"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136844\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":136846,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136844\/revisions\/136846"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/136867"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=136844"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=136844"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=136844"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}