{"id":142884,"date":"2026-05-14T13:17:04","date_gmt":"2026-05-14T13:17:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/?p=142884"},"modified":"2026-05-14T13:17:04","modified_gmt":"2026-05-14T13:17:04","slug":"mungesa-e-diversifikimit-ekonomik-dhe-cenueshmeria-e-modelit-shqiptar-te-zhvillimit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/2026\/05\/14\/mungesa-e-diversifikimit-ekonomik-dhe-cenueshmeria-e-modelit-shqiptar-te-zhvillimit\/","title":{"rendered":"Mungesa e diversifikimit ekonomik dhe cenueshm\u00ebria e modelit shqiptar t\u00eb zhvillimit"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nga Bujar Leskaj<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb nga problemet m\u00eb t\u00eb thella strukturore q\u00eb evidenton raporti i fundit i Departamentit Amerikan t\u00eb Shtetit p\u00ebr klim\u00ebn e investimeve n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri https:\/\/www.state.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/638719_2025-Albania-Investment-Climate-Statement.pdf<\/a> lidhet me vet\u00eb modelin ekonomik mbi t\u00eb cilin \u00ebsht\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur rritja e viteve t\u00eb fundit.<\/p>\n

Megjith\u00ebse raporti njeh stabilitetin makroekonomik, rritjen e turizmit dhe hyrjen e investimeve t\u00eb huaja, ai p\u00ebrmend qart\u00eb n\u00eb faqen 2 t\u00eb tij se zhvillimi ekonomik i Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb mbetet \u201cvulnerable to widespread corruption, organized crime, distorted competition, labor shortages caused by emigration, low productivity, and a large informal sector\u201d (\u201ci cenuesh\u00ebm nga korrupsioni i p\u00ebrhapur, krimi i organizuar, konkurrenca e deformuar, mungesa e fuqis\u00eb pun\u00ebtore si pasoj\u00eb e emigracionit, produktiviteti i ul\u00ebt dhe nj\u00eb sektor i madh informal\u201d).<\/em><\/p>\n

Ky konstatim \u00ebsht\u00eb thelb\u00ebsor sepse zhvendos v\u00ebmendjen nga ritmi statistikor i rritjes tek cil\u00ebsia reale e saj. N\u00eb thelb, raporti sugjeron se ekonomia shqiptare nuk po nd\u00ebrton nj\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme zhvillimi, por po mb\u00ebshtetet mbi mekanizma afatshkurt\u00ebr dhe sektor\u00eb me produktivitet t\u00eb ul\u00ebt. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se Shqip\u00ebria mund t\u00eb prodhoj\u00eb rritje ekonomike n\u00eb terma numerik\u00eb, por pa krijuar themelet e nj\u00eb ekonomie moderne, konkurruese dhe rezistente ndaj krizave.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb dekad\u00ebn e fundit, ekonomia shqiptare \u00ebsht\u00eb orientuar kryesisht drejt nd\u00ebrtimit, turizmit, pasurive t\u00eb paluajtshme dhe remitancave. K\u00ebta sektor\u00eb kan\u00eb gjeneruar qarkullim kapitali, kan\u00eb rritur konsumin dhe kan\u00eb krijuar iluzionin e nj\u00eb dinamike ekonomike t\u00eb fort\u00eb, por nuk kan\u00eb sjell\u00eb transformim strukturor. Shqip\u00ebria vazhdon t\u00eb ket\u00eb industri t\u00eb dob\u00ebt prodhuese, eksporte me vler\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb shtuar dhe nivel t\u00eb kufizuar inovacioni teknologjik.<\/p>\n

Raporti i DASH n\u00eb faqen 3 t\u00eb tij citon se investimet e huaja direkte jan\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruar kryesisht n\u00eb \u201creal estate 23%, banking and insurance 18%, extractive industries 13.5% and processing industry 11%\u201d (\u201cpasuri t\u00eb paluajtshme 23%, sektorin bankar dhe sigurimet 18%, industrit\u00eb nxjerr\u00ebse 13.5% dhe industria p\u00ebrpunuese 11%\u201d). <\/em><\/p>\n

Kjo tregon se kapitali po orientohet m\u00eb shum\u00eb drejt sektor\u00ebve konsumues dhe spekulativ\u00eb sesa drejt ekonomis\u00eb prodhuese. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga dob\u00ebsit\u00eb themelore t\u00eb modelit aktual ekonomik shqiptar. Nj\u00eb ekonomi e mb\u00ebshtetur kryesisht tek nd\u00ebrtimi dhe turizmi mund t\u00eb prodhoj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb statistikore, por mbetet jasht\u00ebzakonisht e ekspozuar ndaj krizave t\u00eb jashtme, luhatjeve financiare apo tensioneve gjeopolitike.<\/p>\n

Pandemia e COVID-19 e b\u00ebri k\u00ebt\u00eb dob\u00ebsi plot\u00ebsisht t\u00eb dukshme. Ekonomit\u00eb e varura nga turizmi p\u00ebsuan goditje t\u00eb menj\u00ebhershme dhe Shqip\u00ebria nuk p\u00ebrb\u00ebnte p\u00ebrjashtim. N\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb industrie konkurruese dhe t\u00eb nj\u00eb baze t\u00eb fort\u00eb prodhuese, vendi mbetet i varur nga importet, konsumi sezonal dhe hyrja e kapitalit nga jasht\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Problemi b\u00ebhet edhe m\u00eb serioz kur kapitali fillon t\u00eb orientohet sistematikisht drejt sektor\u00ebve me kthim t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb financiar, duke shmangur investimet afatgjata n\u00eb industri, teknologji, bujq\u00ebsi moderne apo k\u00ebrkim shkencor. N\u00eb realitetin shqiptar \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e leht\u00eb dhe m\u00eb fitimprur\u00ebse t\u00eb investosh n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtim apo pasuri t\u00eb paluajtshme sesa n\u00eb prodhim industrial apo inovacion teknologjik. Kjo nuk ndodh rast\u00ebsisht. Sektor\u00ebt prodhues k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb siguri juridike, stabilitet fiskal, fuqi pun\u00ebtore t\u00eb kualifikuar, financim afatgjat\u00eb dhe konkurrenc\u00eb t\u00eb ndershme, pik\u00ebrisht element\u00ebt q\u00eb raporti identifikon si m\u00eb problematik\u00ebt n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebtu raporti lidh drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb munges\u00ebn e diversifikimit ekonomik me korrupsionin dhe ekonomin\u00eb informale. DASH po n\u00eb faqen 4 t\u00eb raportit thekson se \u201cillicit funds distort competition\u201d (\u201cfondet e paligjshme deformojn\u00eb konkurrenc\u00ebn\u201d), <\/em>nj\u00eb konstatim me pasoja shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb thella sesa duket n\u00eb pamje t\u00eb par\u00eb. Kur n\u00eb ekonomi qarkullojn\u00eb kapitale me burime t\u00eb paqarta, tregu pushon s\u00eb funksionuari sipas logjik\u00ebs s\u00eb eficienc\u00ebs ekonomike. Investimet nuk orientohen m\u00eb drejt sektor\u00ebve m\u00eb produktiv\u00eb apo m\u00eb inovativ\u00eb, por drejt aktiviteteve ku kapitali mund t\u00eb absorbohet shpejt dhe me kontroll minimal institucional.<\/p>\n

Kjo krijon nj\u00eb deformim t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb t\u00eb konkurrenc\u00ebs. Bizneset prodhuese humbasin terren sepse nuk mund t\u00eb konkurrojn\u00eb me kapital informal apo me aktor\u00eb q\u00eb operojn\u00eb jasht\u00eb rregullave normale t\u00eb tregut. N\u00eb nj\u00eb klim\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb, ekonomia fillon t\u00eb favorizoj\u00eb jo eficienc\u00ebn dhe inovacionin, por af\u00ebrsin\u00eb politike, informalitetin dhe fuqin\u00eb financiare me origjin\u00eb t\u00eb paqart\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr dimension kritik q\u00eb evidenton raporti po n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb faqe \u00ebsht\u00eb emigracioni masiv i fuqis\u00eb pun\u00ebtore. DASH paralajm\u00ebron se Shqip\u00ebria po p\u00ebrballet me \u201clabor shortages caused by emigration\u201d (\u201cmungesa t\u00eb fuqis\u00eb pun\u00ebtore t\u00eb shkaktuara nga emigracioni\u201d),<\/em> duke e identifikuar k\u00ebt\u00eb si nj\u00eb nga rreziqet kryesore p\u00ebr zhvillimin afatgjat\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Problemi nuk lidhet vet\u00ebm me largimin e krahut t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, por sidomos me ikjen e kapitalit njer\u00ebzor t\u00eb kualifikuar. Shqip\u00ebria po humbet t\u00eb rinj t\u00eb arsimuar, pik\u00ebrisht shtres\u00ebn q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb mb\u00ebshteste modernizimin ekonomik t\u00eb vendit. Pasojat jan\u00eb t\u00eb shum\u00ebfishta dhe afatgjata. Bizneset kan\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur staf t\u00eb specializuar; investitor\u00ebt hezitojn\u00eb t\u00eb hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb sektor\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb kapital njer\u00ebzor cil\u00ebsor; ekonomia mbetet e fokusuar tek aktivitetet me produktivitet t\u00eb ul\u00ebt; nd\u00ebrsa kapaciteti inovativ i vendit dob\u00ebsohet gradualisht.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb plan afatgjat\u00eb, kjo krijon nj\u00eb rreth vicioz: mungesa e sektor\u00ebve modern\u00eb nxit emigracionin, nd\u00ebrsa emigracioni pengon krijimin e sektor\u00ebve modern\u00eb. N\u00ebse ky cik\u00ebl nuk nd\u00ebrpritet, Shqip\u00ebria rrezikon t\u00eb mbetet nj\u00eb ekonomi periferike, e mb\u00ebshtetur kryesisht tek konsumi, remitancat dhe sh\u00ebrbimet me vler\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb shtuar.<\/p>\n

Raporti, n\u00eb faqen 2 t\u00eb tij, ndalet gjithashtu tek problemi i produktivitetit t\u00eb ul\u00ebt, duke theksuar nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr \u201cdeep structural reforms\u201d (\u201creforma t\u00eb thella strukturore\u201d)<\/em> p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur konvergjenc\u00ebn me ekonomin\u00eb europiane. Produktiviteti i ul\u00ebt \u00ebsht\u00eb ndoshta treguesi m\u00eb i qart\u00eb i limiteve t\u00eb modelit aktual ekonomik shqiptar. Ai do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ekonomia prodhon pak vler\u00eb t\u00eb shtuar p\u00ebr nj\u00ebsi pune apo kapitali, \u00e7ka reflektohet drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb tek pagat e ul\u00ebta, konkurrueshm\u00ebria e kufizuar e eksporteve dhe var\u00ebsia nga konsumi dhe remitancat.<\/p>\n

Kjo shpjegon pse Shqip\u00ebria vazhdon t\u00eb ket\u00eb diferenc\u00eb t\u00eb madhe me ekonomit\u00eb europiane, edhe pse n\u00eb let\u00ebr regjistron ritme pozitive rritjeje. Problemi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb mungesa e potencialit ekonomik, por mungesa e nj\u00eb transformimi t\u00eb thell\u00eb strukturor.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb nga aspektet m\u00eb problematike t\u00eb raportit, sipas trajtimit n\u00eb faqen 4, lidhet me marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnien mes shtetit dhe biznesit. DASH evidenton se investitor\u00ebt vazhdojn\u00eb ta perceptojn\u00eb Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb si \u201ca difficult place to do business\u201d (\u201cnj\u00eb vend t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb biznes\u201d). <\/em>Ky konstatim ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb madhe sepse tregon se problemi nuk q\u00ebndron vet\u00ebm tek burokracia apo niveli i taksave, por tek vet\u00eb besueshm\u00ebria e institucioneve.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb ekonomit\u00eb moderne, investitor\u00ebt nuk analizojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm kostot operative. Po aq t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme jan\u00eb stabiliteti i rregullave, siguria juridike, parashikueshm\u00ebria fiskale dhe trajtimi i barabart\u00eb para ligjit. Pik\u00ebrisht k\u00ebtu raporti identifikon nj\u00eb nga dob\u00ebsit\u00eb kryesore t\u00eb klim\u00ebs ekonomike shqiptare.<\/p>\n

Bizneset ankohen p\u00ebr \u201cfrequent changes in fiscal legislation\u201d (\u201cndryshime t\u00eb shpeshta t\u00eb legjislacionit fiskal\u201d) <\/em>dhe p\u00ebr munges\u00eb konsultimi real me sip\u00ebrmarrjen.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb praktik\u00eb, kjo krijon pasiguri strukturore p\u00ebr investimet afatgjata. Nj\u00eb kompani q\u00eb planifikon t\u00eb investoj\u00eb p\u00ebr 10 apo 20 vite ka nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb dij\u00eb se rregullat fiskale nuk do t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb arbitrare dhe se ekziston stabilitet institucional. Kur legjislacioni ndryshon shpesh dhe pa transparenc\u00eb, perceptimi i riskut rritet ndjesh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Raporti b\u00ebhet edhe m\u00eb kritik n\u00eb faqen 12, kur trajton \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e \u201cinvestitor\u00ebve strategjik\u00eb\u201d. Sipas DASH, \u201cthe insignificant share of foreign investors that have benefited from the status of strategic investors has fueled the perception among foreign investors that the law has benefited mostly domestic companies with strong ties to the ruling majority\u201d (\u201cpjesa e pap\u00ebrfillshme e investitor\u00ebve t\u00eb huaj q\u00eb kan\u00eb p\u00ebrfituar statusin e investitor\u00ebve strategjik\u00eb ka forcuar perceptimin mes investitor\u00ebve t\u00eb huaj se ligji ka favorizuar kryesisht kompanit\u00eb vendase me lidhje t\u00eb forta me shumic\u00ebn qeveris\u00ebse\u201d).<\/em><\/p>\n

Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga sinjalet m\u00eb negative p\u00ebr klim\u00ebn e biznesit, sepse krijon bindjen se konkurrenca nuk funksionon mbi merit\u00ebn ekonomike, por mbi af\u00ebrsin\u00eb me pushtetin. Kur investitor\u00ebt besojn\u00eb se tregu nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb neutral, klima ekonomike degradohet gradualisht. Bizneset serioze t\u00ebrhiqen, investitor\u00ebt e huaj shmangin sektor\u00ebt me risk politik dhe ekonomia dominohet gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb nga klientelizmi dhe kapitali i lidhur me pushtetin.<\/p>\n

Shqet\u00ebsimet p\u00ebr korrupsionin n\u00eb prokurimet publike e p\u00ebrforcojn\u00eb m\u00eb tej k\u00ebt\u00eb perceptim. DASH sipas trajtimit n\u00eb faqen 4, thekson se \u201creports of corruption in government procurement are common\u201d (\u201craportimet p\u00ebr korrupsion n\u00eb prokurimet qeveritare jan\u00eb t\u00eb zakonshme\u201d).<\/em><\/p>\n

Kjo ka pasoja t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejta ekonomike, sepse prokurimet publike p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb komb\u00ebtare. Kur biznesi beson se tenderat nuk zhvillohen mbi konkurrenc\u00eb reale, kompanit\u00eb serioze t\u00ebrhiqen, ulet konkurrenca efektive, rriten kostot p\u00ebr shtetin dhe forcohen mekanizmat klientelist\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Raporti ngre gjithashtu shqet\u00ebsime serioze p\u00ebr PPP-t\u00eb, duke theksuar se \u201cthe continued use of public-private partnership (PPP) contracts has reduced opportunities for competition\u201d (\u201cp\u00ebrdorimi i vazhduesh\u00ebm i kontratave PPP ka reduktuar mund\u00ebsit\u00eb p\u00ebr konkurrenc\u00eb\u201d), faqe 4. <\/em>Po ashtu, DASH evidenton \u201cpoor analysis and lack of technical expertise\u201d (\u201canaliz\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebt dhe munges\u00eb ekspertize teknike\u201d)<\/em> n\u00eb hartimin dhe monitorimin e k\u00ebtyre kontratave.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb praktik\u00eb, kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se shteti mund t\u00eb marr\u00eb angazhime financiare afatgjata pa garanci t\u00eb qarta mbi eficienc\u00ebn ekonomike apo interesin publik. Sa m\u00eb i dob\u00ebt t\u00eb jet\u00eb kontrolli teknik dhe institucional mbi PPP-t\u00eb, aq m\u00eb i lart\u00eb b\u00ebhet risku q\u00eb ato t\u00eb kthehen n\u00eb mekanizma transferimi t\u00eb fondeve publike drejt grupeve t\u00eb favorizuara ekonomike dhe politike.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fund, raporti l\u00eb t\u00eb kuptohet qart\u00eb se problemi kryesor i Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht ekonomik, por institucional. Investitor\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm t\u00eb operojn\u00eb edhe n\u00eb tregje me kosto m\u00eb t\u00eb larta, p\u00ebr sa koh\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb sundimi i ligjit, transparenca, konkurrenca e ndershme dhe siguria juridike. Pik\u00ebrisht k\u00ebto elemente vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb perceptohen si t\u00eb brishta n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, raporti i DASH nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht nj\u00eb kritik\u00eb teknike ndaj klim\u00ebs s\u00eb biznesit. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb paralajm\u00ebrim i qart\u00eb se pa reforma t\u00eb thella institucionale, pa forcim t\u00eb shtetit ligjor dhe pa transformim real t\u00eb modelit ekonomik, rritja aktuale rrezikon t\u00eb mbetet sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore, e brisht\u00eb dhe e paaft\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb prodhuar konvergjenc\u00eb reale me Bashkimin Europian.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga Bujar Leskaj Nj\u00eb nga problemet m\u00eb t\u00eb thella strukturore q\u00eb evidenton raporti i fundit i Departamentit Amerikan t\u00eb Shtetit p\u00ebr klim\u00ebn e investimeve n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri https:\/\/www.state.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/638719_2025-Albania-Investment-Climate-Statement.pdf lidhet me vet\u00eb modelin ekonomik mbi t\u00eb cilin \u00ebsht\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur rritja e viteve t\u00eb fundit. Megjith\u00ebse raporti njeh stabilitetin makroekonomik, rritjen e turizmit dhe hyrjen e investimeve t\u00eb …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":127384,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-142884","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-politike"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/142884","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=142884"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/142884\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":142885,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/142884\/revisions\/142885"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/127384"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=142884"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=142884"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=142884"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}