Kriza e naft\u00ebs po rikthehet si nj\u00eb nga goditjet m\u00eb t\u00eb forta mbi ekonomin\u00eb globale. Rritja e \u00e7mimeve n\u00eb tregjet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare po i detyron shtetet t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb amortizuar efektin te konsumator\u00ebt dhe bizneset. Disa kan\u00eb ulur akcizat, t\u00eb tjera TVSH-n\u00eb, ose kan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur mekanizma t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb frenuar rritjen e \u00e7mimeve.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, goditja \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e fort\u00eb sepse nafta nis nga nj\u00eb nivel tashm\u00eb i lart\u00eb \u00e7mimi dhe barre fiskale. Nafta \u00ebsht\u00eb 25\u201340% m\u00eb e shtrenjt\u00eb se n\u00eb vendet e rajonit, nd\u00ebrsa taksat p\u00ebrb\u00ebnin rreth 53% t\u00eb \u00e7mimit final.<\/p>\n
Ndryshe nga disa vende fqinje, ku u nd\u00ebrmor\u00ebn masa p\u00ebr uljen e akciz\u00ebs ose TVSH-s\u00eb, q\u00eb nga marsi kur filloi kriza, Shqip\u00ebria ka l\u00ebvizur m\u00eb ngadal\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Mali i Zi p\u00ebrgjysmoi akciz\u00ebn p\u00ebr Eurodieselin dhe uli at\u00eb p\u00ebr benzin\u00ebn, nd\u00ebrsa Maqedonia e Veriut uli p\u00ebrkoh\u00ebsisht TVSH-n\u00eb p\u00ebr naft\u00ebn dhe benzin\u00ebn nga 18% n\u00eb 10%. Shqip\u00ebria ka l\u00ebvizur m\u00eb ngadal\u00eb dhe, edhe pas masave t\u00eb njoftuara, \u00e7mimi mbetet i ekspozuar ndaj luhatjeve t\u00eb tregut nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar.<\/p>\n
Por debati p\u00ebr naft\u00ebn nuk duhet t\u00eb kufizohet te \u00e7mimi n\u00eb pik\u00ebn e karburantit. Problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb se nafta hyn n\u00eb pothuajse \u00e7do hallk\u00eb t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb kosto p\u00ebr traktorin q\u00eb punon tok\u00ebn, kamionin q\u00eb transporton mallrat, autobusin q\u00eb l\u00ebviz qytetar\u00ebt, fabrik\u00ebn q\u00eb merr l\u00ebnd\u00ebt e para dhe distributorin q\u00eb i \u00e7on produktet deri te rafti i supermarketit.<\/p>\n
T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e p\u00ebrpunuara nga \u201cMonitor\u201d tregojn\u00eb se efekti zinxhir \u00ebsht\u00eb tashm\u00eb i duksh\u00ebm. N\u00eb bujq\u00ebsi, karburanti p\u00ebrb\u00ebn rreth 40% t\u00eb kostos s\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb mekanik\u00ebs bujq\u00ebsore, nd\u00ebrsa tarifat p\u00ebr plugimin dhe frezimin jan\u00eb rritur 25\u201333%.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb prodhimin e fertilizant\u00ebve organik\u00eb, rritja e transportit ka nd\u00ebrprer\u00eb importin e l\u00ebnd\u00ebve t\u00eb para nga Maqedonia e Veriut dhe Kosova, duke ulur prodhimin rreth 25%. P\u00ebr agrop\u00ebrpunimin, kostot e transportit jan\u00eb rritur 10\u201330%, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb disa sektor\u00eb deri n\u00eb 50%, duke kufizuar edhe hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn p\u00ebr investime dhe rritje pagash.<\/p>\n
Presioni po ndihet edhe te prodhuesit e ujit t\u00eb ambalazhuar, qeramik\u00ebs, distributor\u00ebt e ushqimeve dhe transporti publik. Operator\u00ebt e transportit raportojn\u00eb kosto shtes\u00eb prej 50\u201360 lek\u00ebsh p\u00ebr lit\u00ebr karburant, nd\u00ebrsa rritja e kostove ka sjell\u00eb edhe reduktim t\u00eb autobus\u00ebve n\u00eb disa linja.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr dob\u00ebsi \u00ebsht\u00eb struktura e tregut t\u00eb furnizimit. Mungesa e furnizuesve t\u00eb integruar, me kapacitete n\u00eb import, magazinim, p\u00ebrpunim dhe shp\u00ebrndarje, kufizon mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb amortizuar goditjet e \u00e7mimeve p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb zinxhirit.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb nj\u00eb treg t\u00eb ekspozuar ndaj luhatjeve nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, kostoja kalon m\u00eb shpejt nga nj\u00eb hallk\u00eb te tjetra, duke l\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb pak hap\u00ebsir\u00eb p\u00ebr eficienc\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrthithje t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb kostove.<\/p>\n
Kjo kosto nuk zhduket. Kompanit\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrthithin p\u00ebrkoh\u00ebsisht nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb saj p\u00ebrmes fitimeve m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta ose shtyrjes s\u00eb investimeve, por n\u00ebse nafta mbetet e shtrenjt\u00eb, presioni do t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb gradualisht te \u00e7mimet e produkteve dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve.<\/p>\n
Ajo q\u00eb nis si rritje e \u00e7mimit t\u00eb karburantit mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7mimin e ushqimeve, transportit, materialeve t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit apo sh\u00ebrbimeve, duke e \u00e7uar inflacionin p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb mbi nivelin e sh\u00ebnjestruar prej 3% t\u00eb Bank\u00ebs s\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nafta. \u00cbsht\u00eb kostoja e nj\u00eb ekonomie t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb l\u00ebviz mbi rrota. Dhe Shqip\u00ebria hyn n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kriz\u00eb me nj\u00eb \u00e7mim karburanti nd\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00ebt n\u00eb rajon, nj\u00eb barr\u00eb fiskale t\u00eb madhe dhe nj\u00eb ekonomi ku transporti ka pesh\u00eb t\u00eb konsiderueshme n\u00eb koston e prodhimit.<\/p>\n
Kriza e naft\u00ebs po nxjerr n\u00eb pah nj\u00eb element t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm t\u00eb struktur\u00ebs s\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb: var\u00ebsin\u00eb e saj nga nj\u00eb input baz\u00eb, \u00e7mimin dhe furnizimin e t\u00eb cilit nuk e kontrollon.<\/p>\n
Kjo var\u00ebsi nuk p\u00ebrb\u00ebn domosdoshm\u00ebrisht nj\u00eb dob\u00ebsi n\u00eb vetvete, pasi n\u00eb parim e gjith\u00eb ekonomia globale varet nga karburanti, por m\u00ebnyra se si menaxhohet p\u00ebrcakton n\u00ebse goditja nga rritja e \u00e7mimeve do t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapet n\u00eb gjith\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb apo do t\u00eb amortizohet p\u00ebrmes eficienc\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, teknologjis\u00eb, diversifikimit t\u00eb furnizimit dhe kapaciteteve prodhuese.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebrballja me nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr val\u00eb shtrenjtimi k\u00ebrkon, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, t\u00eb shihet p\u00ebrtej pomp\u00ebs s\u00eb karburantit, te m\u00ebnyra se si funksionon dhe p\u00ebrshtatet i gjith\u00eb zinxhiri ekonomik.<\/p>\n
Edhe politika fiskale mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb amortizuar goditjen. N\u00eb kushtet kur buxheti kishte krijuar nj\u00eb stok prej rreth 662 milion\u00eb eurosh suficit n\u00eb janar-gusht, nd\u00ebrsa shpenzimet pritet t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrohen n\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit, mund t\u00eb shqyrtohet ulje e p\u00ebrkohshme e taksave, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn p\u00ebr disa mallra jetike dhe karburantin, n\u00eb vend q\u00eb presioni i kostove t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb i plot\u00eb te bizneset dhe konsumator\u00ebt.<\/p>\n
Gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb pandemis\u00eb, kur u rrit\u00ebn \u00e7mimet e ushqimeve, qeveria preferoi t\u00eb grumbullonte m\u00eb shum\u00eb TVSH nga \u00e7mimet m\u00eb t\u00eb larta. Kjo p\u00ebrqasje rrezikon q\u00eb, n\u00eb periudha krizash me efekte zinxhir n\u00eb ekonomi, nj\u00eb politik\u00eb fiskale q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetet te t\u00eb ardhurat m\u00eb t\u00eb larta nga rritja e \u00e7mimeve ta p\u00ebrforcoj\u00eb goditjen, n\u00eb vend q\u00eb ta frenoj\u00eb apo ta zbus\u00eb at\u00eb.\/ Monitor<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Kriza e naft\u00ebs po rikthehet si nj\u00eb nga goditjet m\u00eb t\u00eb forta mbi ekonomin\u00eb globale. Rritja e \u00e7mimeve n\u00eb tregjet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare po i detyron shtetet t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb amortizuar efektin te konsumator\u00ebt dhe bizneset. Disa kan\u00eb ulur akcizat, t\u00eb tjera TVSH-n\u00eb, ose kan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur mekanizma t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb frenuar rritjen …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":151969,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-155684","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-politike"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/155684","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=155684"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/155684\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":155686,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/155684\/revisions\/155686"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/151969"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=155684"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=155684"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=155684"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}