Nj\u00eb \u00e7erek shekulli m\u00eb par\u00eb profesor John Joseph Mearsheimer mendonte se \u201cmidis Ukrain\u00ebs dhe Rusis\u00eb situata tashm\u00eb [ishte] pjekur sepse midis dy vendeve mund t\u00eb shp\u00ebrthente nj\u00eb rivalitet i i zjarrt\u00eb n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e siguris\u00eb\u201d. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, argumentonte teoricieni i t\u00eb ashtuquajturit \u201crealiz\u00ebm ofensiv\u201d, \u201cfuqit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha t\u00eb ndara nga nj\u00eb vij\u00eb kufitare shum\u00eb e gjat\u00eb dhe jo e mbrojtur, si ajo q\u00eb ndan Rusin\u00eb dhe Ukrain\u00ebn, vihen shpesh n\u00eb kontrast shtytje nga frika p\u00ebr sigurin\u00eb e saj\u201d. Sipas Mearsheimer ishte pak e mundur q\u00eb k\u00ebto dy vende ta tejkalonin nj\u00eb dinamik\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb dhe t\u00eb vendosnin marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie bashk\u00ebekzistence harmonike; prandaj kur n\u00eb 1994 Ukraina u deklarua e gatshme t\u00eb hiqte dor\u00eb nga armatimi atomik dhe t\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruante Traktatin e Mosproliferimit, politologu amerikan shprehu mosmiratimin e tij, duke menduar se Ukraina, duke u privuar nga frik\u00ebsuesi b\u00ebrthamor, do t\u00eb ekspozohej nga rreziku q\u00eb t\u00eb sulmohej nga Rusia.<\/p>\n
Samuel Huntington, q\u00eb kishte qen\u00eb k\u00ebshilltar i administrat\u00ebs amerikane n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e Jimmy Carter, e akuzoi Mearsheimer se nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb injoronte krejt\u00ebsisht \u201clidhjet e ngushta historike, kulturore dhe personale q\u00eb bashkojn\u00eb Rusin\u00eb e Ukrain\u00ebn dhe shkall\u00ebn e lart\u00eb t\u00eb asimilimit reciprok ekzistues midis popullsive t\u00eb t\u00eb dyja vendeve\u201d dhe, nga ana tjet\u00ebr, \u201c\u00e7arja e thell\u00eb kulturore q\u00eb ndan Ukrain\u00ebn lindore ortodokse dhe Ukrain\u00ebn per\u00ebndimore uniate, nj\u00eb e dh\u00ebn\u00eb e lasht\u00eb dhe bazike historike\u201d. Prandaj teoricieni i \u201cp\u00ebrplasjes s\u00eb qytet\u00ebrimeve\u201d, nd\u00ebrsa e gjykonte pak t\u00eb mundur shp\u00ebrthimin e nj\u00eb lufte ruso \u2013 ukrainase, theksonte mund\u00ebsin\u00eb q\u00eb Ukraina t\u00eb ndahej m\u00eb dysh, duke parafiguruar \u201cnj\u00eb ndarje q\u00eb prania e faktor\u00ebve kulturor\u00eb do t\u00eb imagjinohej m\u00eb e dhunshme se ajo \u00e7ekosllovake, por shum\u00eb m\u00eb pak e p\u00ebrgjakshme se ajo jugosllave\u201d. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb sipas mendimit t\u00eb Huntington duhej nxitur Ukraina t\u00eb hiqte dor\u00eb nga arsenali i saj, duke promovuar \u201cforma konsistente asistence ekonomike dhe masa t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb prirura nga ruajtja e unitetit dhe e pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb ukrainase dhe t\u00eb sponsorizoheshin iniciativa speciale p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrballuar nj\u00eb \u00e7arje t\u00eb mundshme\u201d t\u00eb vendit.<\/p>\n
Megjith\u00ebse duke u shk\u00ebputur nga teza t\u00eb diskutueshme si ajo lidhur me vijat e gjata kufitare gjeneruese kontrastesh t\u00eb shpeshta, pozicionet e shprehura nga dy studiuesit qen\u00eb t\u00eb prekura t\u00eb dy nga nj\u00eb dob\u00ebsi baz\u00eb, pasi sa Mearsheimer, aq edhe Huntington e injoronin faktorin preponderues dhe vendimtar q\u00eb her\u00ebt a von\u00eb do t\u00eb \u00e7onte n\u00eb p\u00ebrplasjen midis Rusis\u00eb dhe Ukrain\u00ebs e b\u00ebr\u00eb e \u201cpavarur\u201d, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb shtytjen historike ekspansioniste t\u00eb Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara drejt zemr\u00ebs s\u00eb kontinentit euraziatik<\/em>. Megjithat\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1993, kur n\u00eb \u201cForeign Affairs\u201d u shfaq\u00ebn si artikulli i cituar i Mearsheimer, ashtu edhe artikulli i Huntington ku formulohej fillimisht teoria e \u201cp\u00ebrplasjes s\u00eb qytet\u00ebrimeve\u201d, nj\u00eb shtytje e till\u00eb ishte b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb e qart\u00eb, duke qen\u00eb t\u00eb verifikuar tashm\u00eb ngjarje si r\u00ebnia e Bashkimit Sovjetik (26 dhjetor 1991), fundi i COMECON (28 qershor 1991) dhe shkrirja e Traktatit t\u00eb Varshav\u00ebs (1 korrik 1991), p\u00ebrve\u00e7 faktit q\u00eb n\u00eb 1990, me ribashkimin e Gjermanis\u00eb, nj\u00eb territor q\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb i n\u00ebnshkruhej influenc\u00ebs sovjetike, ai i Republik\u00ebs Demokratike Gjermane, kishte hyr\u00eb dhe ishte b\u00ebr\u00eb pjes\u00eb e NATO. Por qysh m\u00eb par\u00eb \u2013 pak m\u00eb par\u00eb \u2013 k\u00ebtyre ngjarjeve, m\u00eb 2 gusht 1990, Shtetet e Bashkuara pat\u00ebn promovuar dhe kryesuar kund\u00ebr Irakut agresionin e njohur si \u201clufta e par\u00eb e Gjirit\u201d dhe pak m\u00eb von\u00eb, m\u00eb 17 prill 1992, pat\u00ebn hyr\u00eb n\u00eb Kabul, duke e shtr\u00ebnguar n\u00eb arrati presidentin Mohammad Najibullah, luft\u00ebtar\u00ebt e Aleanc\u00ebs Veriore, t\u00eb financuar, armatosur dhe st\u00ebrvitur nga CIA gjat\u00eb administratave t\u00eb Jimmy Carter dhe Ronald Reagan, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt i quajti \u201cluft\u00ebtar\u00eb p\u00ebr lirin\u00eb [\u2026] q\u00eb mbrojn\u00eb parimet e pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe liris\u00eb q\u00eb formojn\u00eb bazat e siguris\u00eb dhe t\u00eb stabilitetit global\u201d.<\/p>\n Avancimi per\u00ebndimor drejt kufijve t\u00eb Rusis\u00eb ishte vet\u00ebm n\u00eb debutimet e saj, pasi nuk ishte e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb parashikohej se pasi t\u00eb kishte shkat\u00ebrruar Irakun dhe largonte Mosk\u00ebn nga Afganistani, Uashingtoni do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte ta transformonte n\u00eb avampostin kryesor antirus at\u00eb nyje gjeopolitike ukrainase, q\u00eb sipas indikacioneve t\u00eb Zbigniew Brzezinski, ishte e domosdoshme t\u00eb shk\u00ebputej nga Rusia, n\u00eb rast se donte ta pengonte k\u00ebt\u00eb t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb b\u00ebhej nj\u00eb shtet i fuqish\u00ebm perandorak, i shtrir\u00eb mbi Europ\u00ebn dhe mbi Azin\u00eb\u201d.<\/p>\n Kalimi i Ukrain\u00ebs n\u00eb kampin per\u00ebndimor, e ndodhur n\u00eb vitin 2014 me grushtin e shtetit t\u00eb Euromajdanit, \u00ebsht\u00eb futur n\u00eb kontekstin e \u201czgjerimeve\u201d t\u00eb NATO, t\u00eb cilat e kan\u00eb zgjeruar hegjemonin\u00eb amerikane n\u00eb vende q\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb kishin qen\u00eb pjes\u00eb e Bashkimit Sovjetik apo e t\u00eb ashtuquajturit \u201ckamp socialist\u201d. Territori i Gjermanis\u00eb Lindore dhe eksklava e Berlinit Per\u00ebndimor qen\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb NATO m\u00eb 3 tetor 1990, me ribashkimin e Gjermanis\u00eb; m\u00eb 12 mars 1999 u b\u00ebn\u00eb an\u00ebtare t\u00eb NATO Polonia, Republika \u00c7eke dhe Hungaria (zgjerimi i kat\u00ebrt); m\u00eb 29 mars 2004 u gllab\u00ebruan n\u00eb organizat\u00ebn atlantike Estonia, Letonia, Lituania, Sllovakia, Rumania, Bullgaria, Sllovenia (zgjerimi i pest\u00eb); m\u00eb 4 prill 2009 i takoi Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb dhe Kroacis\u00eb (zgjerimi i gjasht\u00eb); m\u00eb 5 qershor 2017 qe radha e Malit t\u00eb Zi (zgjerimi i shtat\u00eb); s\u00eb fundi, m\u00eb 27 mars t\u00eb 2020 i takoi Maqedonis\u00eb s\u00eb Veriut (zgjerimi i tet\u00eb). Aktualisht \u00ebsht\u00eb parashikuar pjes\u00ebmarrja e 4 vendeve t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb Planin e Aksionit p\u00ebr Aderim\u00a0 (Membership Action Plan<\/em> \u2013 MAP), q\u00eb p\u00ebrgatit hyjen praktike n\u00eb organizat\u00eb; b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr Bosnje \u2013 Hercegovin\u00ebn, Suedin\u00eb, Finland\u00ebn dhe Gjeorgjin\u00eb. Dy vendet e fundit kufizohen me Federat\u00ebn Ruse, nd\u00ebrsa Suedia mbyll Detin Balltik.<\/p>\n N\u00eb fund, Vladimir Putini shikohet i detyruar ta kaloj\u00eb Rubikonin. P\u00ebrball\u00eb reagimit t\u00eb Rusis\u00eb, nj\u00eb Henry Kissinger tashm\u00eb 100 vje\u00e7ar ka deklaruar n\u00eb nj\u00eb intervist\u00eb n\u00eb \u201cWall Street Journal\u201d: \u201cMendoja se Polonia \u2013 t\u00eb gjitha vende per\u00ebndimore tradicionale q\u00eb kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb historin\u00eb per\u00ebndimore \u2013 qe an\u00ebtare logjike e NATO\u201d. Por Ukraina, thot\u00eb ai, ishte m\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb mos prekej dhe t\u00eb lihej t\u00eb b\u00ebhej nj\u00eb shtet kushinet\u00eb midis Per\u00ebndimit dhe Rusis\u00eb: \u201cKam qen\u00eb n\u00eb favor t\u00eb pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb Ukrain\u00ebs, por kam menduar se roli m\u00eb i mir\u00eb do ishte di\u00e7ka si ai i Finland\u00ebs\u201d. Bilanci i nxjerr\u00eb nga ish sekretari i Shtetit ishte p\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb falimentar dhe alarmues: \u201cJemi n\u00eb pragun e luft\u00ebs me Rusin\u00eb dhe Kin\u00ebn mbi \u00e7\u00ebshtje q\u00eb pjes\u00ebrisht i kemi krijuar ne, pa asnj\u00eb ide sesi do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb apo \u00e7far\u00eb duhet t\u00eb sjell\u00eb\u201d.<\/p>\n Mea culpa<\/em> e Henry Kissinger i shtohet ajo e John Mearsheimer, q\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb konferenc\u00eb t\u00eb mbajtur m\u00eb 16 qershor 2022 n\u00eb European University Institute<\/em> (EUI) e Firenze ka th\u00ebn\u00eb tekstualisht: \u201cE v\u00ebrteta tragjike \u00ebsht\u00eb se, sikur Per\u00ebndimi t\u00eb mos k\u00ebrkuar ta zgjeronte NATO n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb, ka pak t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb q\u00eb sot n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb do t\u00eb kishte shp\u00ebrthyer nj\u00eb luft\u00eb dhe ka shum\u00eb t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb q\u00eb Krimeja do t\u00eb ishte ende pjes\u00eb e Ukrain\u00ebs. Efektivisht, Uashingtoni ka luajtur nj\u00eb rol qendror n\u00eb futjen e Ukrain\u00ebs n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn e shkat\u00ebrrimit. Historia do t\u2019i d\u00ebnoj\u00eb ashp\u00ebr Shtetet e Bashkuara dhe aleat\u00ebt e tyre pabesushm\u00ebrisht idote ndaj Ukrain\u00ebs\u201d. Sigurisht, sot t\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte shum\u00eb m\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb nga sa nuk ishte 25 vite m\u00eb par\u00eb t\u2019i atribuohej konfliktit ruso \u2013 ukrainas n\u00eb 1576 kilometrat e vij\u00ebs kufitare q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkon t\u00eb dy vendet\u2026<\/p>\n (nga Geopoliticus<\/em>)<\/p>\n P\u00ebrgatiti<\/strong><\/p>\n ARMIN TIRANA<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Nj\u00eb \u00e7erek shekulli m\u00eb par\u00eb profesor John Joseph Mearsheimer mendonte se \u201cmidis Ukrain\u00ebs dhe Rusis\u00eb situata tashm\u00eb [ishte] pjekur sepse midis dy vendeve mund t\u00eb shp\u00ebrthente nj\u00eb rivalitet i i zjarrt\u00eb n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e siguris\u00eb\u201d. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, argumentonte teoricieni i t\u00eb ashtuquajturit \u201crealiz\u00ebm ofensiv\u201d, \u201cfuqit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha t\u00eb ndara nga nj\u00eb vij\u00eb kufitare shum\u00eb …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":25216,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25215","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-kulture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25215","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25215"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25215\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25216"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25215"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25215"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25215"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}