{"id":28385,"date":"2022-11-07T09:42:02","date_gmt":"2022-11-07T09:42:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/?p=28385"},"modified":"2022-11-07T09:54:03","modified_gmt":"2022-11-07T09:54:03","slug":"gjuetare-metani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/2022\/11\/07\/gjuetare-metani\/","title":{"rendered":"Gjuetar\u00eb metani"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00eb vitet e fundit p\u00ebrq\u00ebndrimi metanit n\u00eb atmosfer\u00eb ka filluar t\u00eb rritet dhe askush nuk e di mir\u00eb se cili \u00ebsht\u00eb motivi. Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt duan ta kuptojn\u00eb, pasi fenomeni mund t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb t\u00eb pakthyeshme ngrohjen globale.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7do vit rreth 6000 kontenitor\u00eb arrijn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb laborator n\u00eb Boulder t\u00eb shtetit Colorado. Secili p\u00ebrmban nj\u00eb kampion ajri t\u00eb marr\u00eb nga nj\u00eb rrjet prej 50 stacionesh monitorimi n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn. K\u00ebto kampione mund t\u00eb na ndihmojn\u00eb t\u00eb gjejm\u00eb nj\u00eb prej pyetjeve m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr planetin: pse ka kaq shum\u00eb metan n\u00eb atmosfer\u00eb? Kontenitor\u00ebt blu dhe t\u00eb zinj plot me aj\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhur nga Algjeria, Alaska, Kina dhe Samoa jan\u00eb t\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb radh\u00eb, t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm q\u00eb t\u00eb analizohen. \u201cI mbledhim kampion\u00ebt dhe m\u00eb pas i mbedhim t\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebtu\u201d, shpjegon Ed Dlugokencky, kimist i laboratorit t\u00eb monitorimit global i menaxhuar nga National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Laboratori mat nivelet e gazeve t\u00eb ndryshme brenda kampion\u00ebve, nga anhidridi karbonik tek protoksidi i azotit dhe hekzafluoriumi i squfurit, duke hartuar holl\u00ebsisht nj\u00eb regjist\u00ebr q\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson baz\u00ebn e modeleve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha klimaterike. Rreth 15 vite m\u00eb par\u00eb k\u00ebrkuesit e laboratorit kan\u00eb zbuluar n\u00eb atmosfer\u00eb nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb sasis\u00eb s\u00eb metanit, nj\u00eb gaz ser\u00eb i fuqish\u00ebm me nj\u00eb efekt ndaj ngrohjes globale 80 her\u00eb m\u00eb e lart\u00eb se ajo e anhidridit karbonik.<\/p>\n

Fillimisht shum\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00eb kan\u00eb menduar se rritja i detyrohej prodhimit t\u00eb l\u00ebnd\u00ebve djeg\u00ebse me baz\u00eb fosile. Metani \u00ebsht\u00eb ingredienti kryesor i gazit natyral, por emetohet edhe nga aktivitete t\u00eb tjera njer\u00ebzore si shkarkimet, orizoret dhe ushqimet e kafsh\u00ebve sht\u00ebpijake. Por n\u00eb vitet e fundit kjo rritje \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtuar papritmas. Implikimet p\u00ebr ngrohjen globale jan\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha: 1\/3 e rritjes prej 1.1 grad\u00eb centigrad\u00eb respektivisht respektivisht epok\u00ebs paraindustriale mund t\u2019i atribuohet metanit. N\u00eb vitin 2020 prania e tij n\u00eb atmosfer\u00eb ka b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb sh\u00ebnohet koeficenti m\u00eb i lart\u00eb i rritjes i regjistruar ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb dhe n\u00eb 2021 ky rekord \u00ebsht\u00eb mundur menj\u00ebher\u00eb. Askush nuk e di v\u00ebrtet. \u201c\u00cbsht\u00eb trondit\u00ebse\u201d, pranon Lindsay Xin Lan e laboratorit t\u00eb Boulder. \u201cShum\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00eb po e k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb nj\u00eb shpjegim\u201d. Nj\u00eb gj\u00eb q\u00eb fillohet t\u00eb kuptohet \u00ebsht\u00eb se cili lloj metani \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr rritjen. Ai i derivuar nga lnd\u00ebt djeg\u00ebse me baz\u00eb fosile p\u00ebrmban nj\u00eb sasi m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb karbonit-13 respektivisht atij atmosferik, nd\u00ebrsa ai i prodhuar nga burime mikrobike (zona t\u00eb lag\u00ebshta, shkarkime, kafsh\u00eb) p\u00ebrmban m\u00eb pak.<\/p>\n

Nga fillimi i revolucionit industrial emetimet e lidhura me l\u00ebnd\u00ebt djeg\u00ebse me baz\u00eb fosile e kan\u00eb ndryshuar proporcionin midis llojeve t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb karbonit drejt nj\u00eb p\u00ebrq\u00ebndrimi m\u00eb t\u00eb madh t\u00eb karbonit-13, por rreth vitit 2007, kur prania e metanit n\u00eb atmosfer\u00eb ka filluar t\u00eb rritet, tendenca \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmbysur. Rritja e koh\u00ebve t\u00eb fundit nuk buron sidomos nga l\u00ebnd\u00ebt djeg\u00ebse me baz\u00eb fosile, por nga burime t\u00eb tjera. Kjo sugjeron se vet\u00eb planeti po emeton m\u00eb shum\u00eb metan dhe nuk ka nd\u00ebrmend t\u00eb ndalet. \u201cPo asistojm\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb ndryshim substancial\u201d, thot\u00eb Dlugokencky. \u201cPas 200 vitesh rritjeje, papritmas po v\u00ebrejm\u00eb nj\u00eb zvog\u00eblim t\u00eb proporcionit t\u00eb karbonit-13. N\u00ebnkupton se ka ndodhur di\u00e7ka dometh\u00ebn\u00ebse\u201d. P\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kjo \u201cdi\u00e7ka dometh\u00ebn\u00ebse\u201d duhet studiuar me kujdes metani i emetuar nga nj\u00eb seri burimesh: nga mo\u00e7alet dhe nga liqenet pak t\u00eb thell\u00eb n\u00eb tropik\u00eb tek shkrirja e pemrafrostit n\u00eb Arktik, nga shkarkimet dhe nga aktiviteti bujq\u00ebsor tek industria e l\u00ebnd\u00ebve djeg\u00ebse me baz\u00eb fosile, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 se \u201cpuseve\u201d kimike q\u00eb e kapin dhe e heqin nga atmosfera. \u201cMetani \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj gazi ser\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht magjeps\u00ebs, pasi ka shum\u00eb burime dhe puse q\u00eb duhen mbajtur parasysh\u201d, shpjegon Dlugokencky. \u201cDuhet sjell\u00eb si nj\u00eb detektiv q\u00eb k\u00ebrkon t\u00eb zgjidh\u00eb nj\u00eb rast\u201d.<\/p>\n

Zbulimi i misterit do t\u00eb na mund\u00ebsoj\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet n\u00ebse bota po shkon apo jo drejt nj\u00eb skenari katastrofik, atij t\u00eb nj\u00eb \u201cbombe me metan\u201d: nj\u00eb rreth vicioz ku planeti gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb i nxeht\u00eb emeton natyrisht nj\u00eb sasi m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe metani, duke e ushqyer m\u00eb shum\u00eb ngrohjen. \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb perspektiv\u00eb drith\u00ebruese, t\u00eb cil\u00ebs shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt q\u00eb studiojn\u00eb argumentin k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb t\u2019i dalin p\u00ebrreth, sidomos n\u00eb intervistat. \u201cMund t\u00eb kemi ndjesin\u00eb se rrethi vicioz po shp\u00ebrthen\u201d, shpjegon Lan. \u201cPor \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb dallohet sinjali nga zhurma\u201d. T\u00eb tjer\u00eb ekspert\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb. \u201cN\u00eb rast se emetimet e detyruara nga lnd\u00ebt djeg\u00ebse me baz\u00eb fosile e gatuajn\u00eb bot\u00ebn me zjarr t\u00eb leht\u00eb, kurse metani \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb flak\u00eb oksihdrike\u201d, shpjegon Durwood Zaelke, president i Institute for Governance & Sustainable Development, q\u00eb k\u00ebrkon masa m\u00eb t\u00eb ngurta p\u00ebr t\u00eb reduktuar emetimet e metanit. \u201cFrika \u00ebsht\u00eb se mos e ngrohim Tok\u00ebn mjaftuesh\u00ebm sa ta b\u00ebjm\u00eb t\u00eb ngrohet vet\u00eb, at\u00ebhere do ta humbisnim luft\u00ebn\u201d.<\/p>\n

Gjurma e killerit<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr vite metani \u00ebsht\u00eb anashkaluar nga komuniteti shkencor dhe nga politikan\u00ebt, q\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrq\u00ebndruar sidomos n\u00eb emetimet e anhidridit karbonik. Nj\u00eb prej motiveve \u00ebsht\u00eb se midis viteve 2000 e 2007 nivelet e metanit n\u00eb atmosfer\u00eb duket se po stabilizohen. Tani k\u00ebrkuesit po p\u00ebrdorin matjet e izotopeve (atome t\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit element, por me nj\u00eb num\u00ebr mase t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm) t\u00eb carbonit n\u00eb molekulat e metanit dhe t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave satelitore p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar origjin\u00ebn e rritjes. Fal\u00eb ndryshimit n\u00eb proporcionin e molekulave me karbon-13 dijn\u00eb se rritja buron nga burime mikrobike. Por cilat sakt\u00ebsisht?<\/p>\n

Zonat e lag\u00ebshta, kafsh\u00ebt sht\u00ebpijake dhe shkarkesat prodhojn\u00eb metan \u201cmikrobik\u201d t\u00eb gjeneruar nga shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrja e materies organike. P\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar sesi secili prej k\u00ebtyre burimeve po kontribuon n\u00eb rritje, k\u00ebrkuesit mbledhin t\u00eb dh\u00ebna lokale n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb globin. Sipas Paul Palmer, kimist atmosferik n\u00eb Universitetin e Edimburgit, \u00ebsht\u00eb si nj\u00eb ndeshje Cluedo, loj\u00eb tryeze investigative. \u201cT\u00eb dh\u00ebnat satelitare zbulojn\u00eb vendin e vrasjes\u201d, shpjegon ai. \u201cIzotop\u00ebt na thon\u00eb n\u00eb fakt se cila \u00ebsht\u00eb arma e krimit, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb lloji i burimit\u201d. Zonat e lag\u00ebshta dhe kafsh\u00ebt sht\u00ebpijake duken t\u00eb dyshuarit kryesor\u00eb, n\u00ebnvizon Euan Nisbet, profesore e Shkencave t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs n\u00eb Royal Holloway, University of London. \u201cBurimet po rriten me shpejt\u00ebsi. Rritja m\u00eb intensive duket se vjen nga tropik\u00ebt\u201d. Edhe ekspansioni rritjes s\u00eb kafsh\u00ebve sht\u00ebpijake dhe i shkarkimeve n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn po rrit emetimin e emetimeve mikrobike. N\u00eb nj\u00eb studim me botim t\u00eb af\u00ebrt, Lan dhe Dlugokencky kan\u00eb arritur n\u00eb nj\u00eb konkluzion t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm: 85% e rritjes s\u00eb sasis\u00eb s\u00eb metanit n\u00eb atmosfer\u00eb nga viti 2007 i detyrohet burime mikrobike. Rreth gjysma e k\u00ebtij metani vjen nga tropik\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

Duke p\u00ebrdorur t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat satelitare, Palmer e ka kufizuar fush\u00ebn tek Afrika Lindore, duke treguar n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti uj\u00ebrat e Sudd n\u00eb Sudanin Jugor. \u201cAsistojm\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb fort\u00eb t\u00eb emetimeve nga zonat e lag\u00ebshta. E kemi zbuluar vet\u00ebm n\u00eb 2019\u201d, shpjegon Palmer. Edhe rajone t\u00eb tjera tropikale t\u00eb karakterizuara nga prania e zonave t\u00eb lag\u00ebshta, si Juglindja aziatike dhe Amazonia, evidentojn\u00eb nj\u00eb tendenc\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme. Kur uji n\u00eb zonat e lag\u00ebshta rritet, rriten edhe emetimet e metanit, sepse mikrobet q\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb gazin kan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb materie organike me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn t\u00eb udhqehen. K\u00ebto burime jan\u00eb natyrale, por ajo q\u00eb ushqen emisionet \u00ebsht\u00eb ngrohja q\u00eb i detyrohet aktivitetit njer\u00ebzor. Ndryshimi klimaterik duhet t\u00eb provokoj\u00eb percipitime m\u00eb intensive n\u00eb Afrik\u00ebn Lindore. Duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ngrohta dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb lag\u00ebshta, k\u00ebto zona do t\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb metan. Burime t\u00eb tjera natyrale \u2013 shkrirja e permafrostit dhe djegiet e pyjeve \u2013 jan\u00eb edhe ato t\u00eb lidhura me ndryshimin klimaterik.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb bomb\u00eb n\u00eb akull<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa Palmer punon me satelit\u00ebt, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb terren, duke xhiruar bot\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbledhur kampion\u00eb metani p\u00ebr t\u2019u d\u00ebrguar n\u00eb laborator\u00eb. Laboratori i Royal Holloway \u00ebsht\u00eb plot me kuti t\u00eb d\u00ebrguar nga kat\u00ebr an\u00ebt e planetit. \u201cK\u00ebto jan\u00eb magjeps\u00ebs\u201d, shpjegon Rebecca Fisher, k\u00ebrkuese n\u00eb Shkenca Atmosferike, duke treguar nj\u00eb kuti t\u00eb sapoardhur. \u201cJan\u00eb kompani ajri t\u00eb ardhur nga stacioni k\u00ebrkimor Halley n\u00eb Antarktid\u00eb\u201d.<\/p>\n

Duke qen\u00eb se n\u00eb Antarktid\u00eb nuk ekziston vegjetacion, ka shum\u00eb pak metan t\u00eb prodhuar lokalisht, pra \u00ebsht\u00eb ideale si pik\u00eb referimi. Fisher \u00ebsht\u00eb gati p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkuar n\u00eb Finland\u00eb, thuajse n\u00eb antipodet respektivisht Antarktid\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mb\u00ebedhur kampion\u00eb dhe zbuluar at\u00eb q\u00eb e quan \u201cgjurm\u00eb dixhitale\u201d izotopike t\u00eb emisioneve t\u00eb zonave t\u00eb lag\u00ebshta n\u00eb Arktik. Duke analizuar jo vet\u00ebm karbon-13, por edhe deuterin, nj\u00eb izotop i hidrogjenit i quajtur edhe hidrogjen i r\u00ebnd\u00eb, Fisher dhe shkenc\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb po krijojn\u00eb nj\u00eb arkiv t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre gjurm\u00ebve dixhitale. \u201cN\u00eb Arktik hasim vlera shum\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme se ato t\u00eb tropik\u00ebve\u201d, shpjegon Fisher. \u201cDuke u nisur nga k\u00ebto masa izotopike mund t\u00eb verifikojm\u00eb n\u00ebse e respektojn\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb gjejm\u00eb n\u00eb atmosfer\u00eb\u201d.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrve\u00e7se ndihmojn\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt q\u00eb t\u00eb kuptojn\u00eb rritjen aktuale t\u00eb emetimeve t\u00eb metanit, Arktiku ofron edhe nj\u00eb ide sesi do t\u00eb jen\u00eb emetimet e ardhshme: rajoni po nxehet tre her\u00eb m\u00eb shpejt respektivisht pjes\u00ebs tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb planetit. \u201cPermafrosti vet\u00eb p\u00ebrmban 1500 miliard tonelata karbon\u201d, n\u00ebnvizon Katey Walter Anthony, profesore e Ekologjis\u00eb dhe Biokimis\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin e Alask\u00ebs n\u00eb Fairbanks. Dora dor\u00ebs q\u00eb shkrihet, karboni mund t\u00eb transformohet n\u00eb metan nga mikroorganizma t\u00eb quajtura metanogjen\u00eb. Anthony ka udh\u00ebtuar n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Alask\u00ebn p\u00ebr ta matur metanin e emetuar nga liqenet dhe ka mbetur e befasuar nga ajo q\u00eb ka par\u00eb koh\u00ebt e fundit: \u201cN\u00eb 5 apo 6 vitet e fundit kam v\u00ebrejtur nj\u00eb ndryshim t\u00eb pabesuesh\u00ebm. Duket se kemi tejkaluar nj\u00eb prag dhe do t\u00eb shikojm\u00eb gj\u00ebra t\u00eb \u00e7uditshme\u201d. Nj\u00eb prej k\u00ebtyre gj\u00ebrave t\u00eb \u00e7udtishme \u00ebsht\u00eb se p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb shkrirjes s\u00eb permafrostit po formohen liqene, shum\u00eb liqene. K\u00ebto basene, t\u00eb quajtur liqene termokarstike, po p\u00ebrhapen me shpejt\u00ebsi dhe mikrobet q\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb metan po prosperojn\u00eb n\u00eb l\u00ebnd\u00ebn organike\u00a0 e sapo shkrir\u00eb t\u00eb pranishme n\u00eb thell\u00ebsit\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00eb brend\u00ebsin\u00eb e Alask\u00ebs kemi regjistruar n\u00eb rritje prej rreth 40% n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqen e mbuluar nga liqenet respektivisht viteve \u201980, t\u00eb detyruar nga basenet e rinj termokarstik\u00eb\u201d, shpjegon Anthony. \u201cK\u00ebto emetojn\u00eb t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 10 her\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb metan se nj\u00eb liqen normal\u201d. Sipas Anthony, modelet klimaterike aktuale n\u00ebnvler\u00ebsojn\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm metanin e l\u00ebshuar nga k\u00ebto liqene. N\u00eb nj\u00eb studim t\u00eb botuar n\u00eb 2018 nga Nature Communications<\/em>, shkenc\u00ebtarja ka llogaritur se n\u00ebse tendenca e emetimeve t\u00eb gazit ser\u00eb nga aktivitete njer\u00ebzore do t\u00eb mbes\u00eb e pandryshuar midis 2050 e 2070, metani mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet burim par\u00ebsor ngrohjeje atmosferike p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb shkrirjes s\u00eb permafrostit. P\u00ebr momentin, emetimet e metanit nga liqenet arktike jan\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt se ato t\u00eb zonave t\u00eb lag\u00ebshta tropikale. \u201cE mbajm\u00eb n\u00ebn v\u00ebrejtje Arktikun, por n\u00eb gjendjen aktuale nuk duket se \u00ebsht\u00eb shkaku kryesor i problemit\u201d, shpjegon Nisbet. \u201cEkzistojn\u00eb rrethe vicioze potenciale. N\u00eb Arktik duhet ta mbajm\u00eb lart v\u00ebmendjen\u201d.<\/p>\n

Impenjime t\u00eb pamjaftueshme<\/strong><\/p>\n

Qeverit\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb pak p\u00ebr metanin e prodhuar nga zonat e lag\u00ebshta dhe nga liqenet termokarstike, por jan\u00eb impenjuar tashm\u00eb t\u00eb reduktojn\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb derivon nga aktivitete njer\u00ebzore. Rreth gjysma e emetimeve t\u00ebmetani varet nga k\u00ebto aktivitete, nd\u00ebrsa gjysma tjet\u00ebr lidhet me fenomene natyrale. N\u00eb konferenc\u00ebn e Glasgow p\u00ebr Klim\u00ebn e 2021 m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 100 vende kan\u00eb firmosur Global Methane Pledge, duke u impenjuar ta reduktojn\u00eb kolektivisht emetimet e metanit me 30% brenda fundit t\u00eb k\u00ebtij dhjet\u00ebvje\u00e7ari.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb shkurtim i emetimeve t\u00eb metanit do t\u00eb kishte nj\u00eb impakt m\u00eb imediat ndaj temperaturave respektivisht me shkurtimin e emetimeve t\u00eb emetimeve t\u00eb anhidridit karbonik, pasi metani mbetet n\u00eb atmosfer\u00eb rreth 10 vite (sipas kushteve), nd\u00ebrsa dioksidi i kabronit mbetet t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 1 shekull. Sipas nj\u00eb raporti t\u00eb botuar n\u00eb majin e 2021 nga Programi i Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara p\u00ebr Mjedisin, nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje e koordinuar bot\u00ebrore p\u00ebr t\u00eb reduktuar emetimet e metanit duke p\u00ebrdorur teknologjit\u00eb ekzistuese mund t\u2019i reduktoj\u00eb emetimet q\u00eb burojn\u00eb nga aktivitetet njer\u00ebzore me 45% brenda vitit 2030, duke shmangur nj\u00eb ngrohje prej 0.3 grad\u00ebsh brenda dekad\u00ebs s\u00eb ardhshme. Zgjidhjet m\u00eb imediate kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me sektorin e l\u00ebnd\u00ebve djeg\u00ebse me baz\u00eb fosile, p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr 1\/3 e emetimeve t\u00eb prodhura nga qeniet njer\u00ebzore. Sisteme ventilimi speciale n\u00eb minierat e qymyrit, ngritje e vrullshme nga shp\u00ebrthimet e gazit, reduktimi i daljeve t\u00eb metanit gjat\u00eb prodhimit t\u00eb gazit e naft\u00ebs dhe masa t\u00eb tjera tashm\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme mund t\u2019i reduktojn\u00eb emetimet e metanit me 40 milion tonelata n\u00eb vit. Kostoja e kapjes s\u00eb gazit t\u00eb emetuar nga shkarkimet mund t\u00eb shp\u00ebrblehet nga fitimet e shitjes s\u00eb gazit.<\/p>\n

Por nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb n\u00ebse k\u00ebto masa do t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb mjaftueshme. Vendet q\u00eb emetojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb metan \u2013 Kina dhe Rusia \u2013 nuk e kan\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruar impenjimin e Glasgow, por edhe sikur ta kishin b\u00ebr\u00eb, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e th\u00ebn\u00eb se reduktimi i emetimeve nga aktiviete njer\u00ebzore do t\u00eb mjaftonte p\u00ebr t\u00eb kompensuar rritjen e detyruar nga burime natyrore. N\u00ebse p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ngrohjes s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs po fillon tashm\u00eb t\u00eb l\u00ebshoj\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb metan, at\u00ebhere ky rreth vicioz mund t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb vet\u00eb. Edhe sikur pika e moskthimit t\u00eb ishte larg me dekada, nj\u00eb her\u00eb e arritur do t\u00eb ishte shum\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbysej projekti. N\u00eb pritje t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre eventualiteteve, disa grupe po studiojn\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e heqje s\u00eb metanit nga atmosfera. Midis ideve, ende n\u00eb gjendje hipotetike, \u00ebsht\u00eb rritja e eliminimit kimik duke emetuar pjes\u00ebza oksidi hekuri n\u00eb atmosfer\u00eb. Zgjidhje t\u00eb tjera parashikojn\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e baktereve q\u00eb ushqehen me metan si \u201cfiltra\u201d, p\u00ebr shembull n\u00eb kompanit\u00eb\u00a0 e p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb qum\u00ebshtit.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, pavar\u00ebsisht se metani \u00ebsht\u00eb tashm\u00eb nj\u00eb prioritet, financimet p\u00ebr studimet e monitorimit jan\u00eb ende t\u00eb pap\u00ebrshtatshme. \u201cN\u00eb 15 \u2013 20 vitet e fundit nuk ka pasur asnj\u00eb ekspansion t\u00eb rrjetit ton\u00eb\u201d, n\u00ebnvizon Dlugokencky. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb shkrutimeve t\u00eb fondeve federale amerikane sot \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e kufizuar se n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn, por gjuetar\u00ebt e metanit nuk dor\u00ebzohen. \u201cN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb moment po k\u00ebrkojm\u00eb t\u00eb individualizojm\u00eb gjurm\u00ebt e burimeve. Duhet t\u00eb krijojn\u00eb nj\u00eb arkiv global\u201d, shpjegon Nisbet. Sapo \u00ebsht\u00eb kthyer nga nj\u00eb udh\u00ebtim n\u00eb Kanada, ku ka mbledhur kampion\u00eb nga zonat e lag\u00ebshta. Edhe pse \u00ebsht\u00eb af\u00ebr pensionit, Nisbet vazhdon t\u00eb punoj\u00eb n\u00eb terren, n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjeje ndaj enigm\u00ebs. \u201cNiveli jon\u00eb i dijes par\u00ebsore \u00ebsht\u00eb ende shum\u00eb i ul\u00ebt\u201d, shpjegon ai. \u201cMetani vazhdon t\u00eb na dhuroj\u00eb befasi\u201d.<\/p>\n

(nga Financial Times<\/em>)<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgatiti<\/strong><\/p>\n

ARMIN TIRANA<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00eb vitet e fundit p\u00ebrq\u00ebndrimi metanit n\u00eb atmosfer\u00eb ka filluar t\u00eb rritet dhe askush nuk e di mir\u00eb se cili \u00ebsht\u00eb motivi. Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt duan ta kuptojn\u00eb, pasi fenomeni mund t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb t\u00eb pakthyeshme ngrohjen globale. \u00c7do vit rreth 6000 kontenitor\u00eb arrijn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb laborator n\u00eb Boulder t\u00eb shtetit Colorado. Secili p\u00ebrmban nj\u00eb kampion ajri t\u00eb …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":28386,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28385","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-kulture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28385","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28385"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28385\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28386"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28385"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28385"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28385"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}