Gjasht\u00ebdhjet\u00eb e gjasht\u00eb milion\u00eb vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, nj\u00eb asteroid gjigant e goditi Tok\u00ebn me forc\u00ebn e 10 miliard\u00eb bombave atomike, duke e ndryshuar rrjedh\u00ebn e evolucionit. Qiejt u err\u00ebsuan dhe bim\u00ebt e ndaluan procesin e fotosintez\u00ebs. Pasi bim\u00ebt u than\u00eb, ngordh\u00ebn edhe kafsh\u00ebt q\u00eb ushqeheshin me to.<\/p>\n
U prish zinxhiri ushqimor, teksa u zhduk\u00ebn mbi 90 p\u00ebr qind e t\u00eb gjitha specieve. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb\u00a0dinosaur\u00ebt, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 disa lloje zogjsh, u zhduk\u00ebn. Gjithsesi ajo ngjarje\u00a0katastrofike\u00a0b\u00ebri t\u00eb mundur evolucionin njer\u00ebzor. Gjitar\u00ebt e mbijetuar lul\u00ebzuan, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb\u00a0proto-primat\u00ebt t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl q\u00eb do t\u00eb evoluonin tek ne.<\/p>\n
Imagjinoni p\u00ebr nj\u00eb moment sikur ai asteroidi t\u00eb kishte goditur Tok\u00ebn, dhe\u00a0dinosaur\u00ebt\u00a0t\u00eb mbijetonin. Imagjinoni grabitqar\u00ebt shum\u00eb t\u00eb evoluar q\u00eb vendosnin flamurin e tyre n\u00eb H\u00ebn\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Kjo mund t\u00eb ting\u00eblloj\u00eb si nj\u00eb\u00a0fantashkenc\u00eb\u00a0e keqe, por ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me disa pyetje shum\u00eb t\u00eb thella filozofike rreth evolucionit.<\/p>\n
A \u00ebsht\u00eb njer\u00ebzimi k\u00ebtu rast\u00ebsisht, apo \u00ebsht\u00eb i pashmangsh\u00ebm evolucioni i p\u00ebrdoruesve inteligjent\u00eb t\u00eb mjeteve? Truri, mjetet, gjuha dhe grupet e m\u00ebdha shoq\u00ebrore na b\u00ebjn\u00eb speciet dominuese t\u00eb planetit. Sot planeti banohet nga 8 miliard\u00eb njer\u00ebz n\u00eb 7 kontinente.<\/p>\n
Sipas pesh\u00ebs, ka m\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz se t\u00eb gjitha kafsh\u00ebt e egra. Ne njer\u00ebzit e kemi modifikuar gjysm\u00ebn e tok\u00ebs s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb ushqyer veten. Ju mund t\u00eb thoni se krijesa si njer\u00ebzit ishin t\u00eb detyruar t\u00eb evoluonin. Gjat\u00eb viteve 1980, paleontologu\u00a0Dejl\u00a0Ras\u00ebll\u00a0propozoi nj\u00eb eksperiment mendimi n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin nj\u00eb\u00a0dinosaur\u00a0mishngr\u00ebn\u00ebs evoluoi n\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues inteligjent t\u00eb mjeteve. Ky \u201cdinosauroid\u201d ishte me tru t\u00eb madh me gishta t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj dhe ecte drejt.<\/p>\n
Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e pamundur por nuk ka shum\u00eb gjasa t\u00eb ndodhte. Biologjia e nj\u00eb kafshe e\u00a0kufizon drejtimin e evolucionit t\u00eb saj. Pika juaj e fillimit e kufizon\u00a0pik\u00ebmb\u00ebrriten\u00a0tuaj p\u00ebrfundimtare. K\u00ebshtu n\u00ebse e braktisni universitetin, me siguri q\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb jeni nj\u00eb neurokirurg, avokat apo shkenc\u00ebtar raketash n\u00eb NASA.<\/p>\n
Por mund t\u00eb b\u00ebheni nj\u00eb artist, aktor ose sip\u00ebrmarr\u00ebs. Rrug\u00ebt q\u00eb ndjekim n\u00eb jet\u00eb hapin disa dyer dhe mbyllin disa t\u00eb tjera. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb edhe p\u00ebr evolucionin. P\u00ebr shembull marrim madh\u00ebsin\u00eb fizike t\u00eb\u00a0dinosaur\u00ebve.<\/p>\n
Duke filluar nga Epoka\u00a0Jurasik,\u00a0dinosaur\u00ebt\u00a0sauropod\u00eb,\u00a0Brontosaur\u00ebt\u00a0dhe t\u00eb af\u00ebrmit,\u00a0evoluann\u00eb gjigant\u00eb 30-50 ton\u00ebsh deri n\u00eb 30 metra t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, 10 her\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se sa pesha e nj\u00eb elefanti dhe e gjat\u00eb sa nj\u00eb balen\u00eb blu. Kjo ndodhi n\u00eb grupe t\u00eb shumta, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb\u00a0Diplodocidad\u00ebt,\u00a0Brakiosaurid\u00ebt,\u00a0Turiasaurid\u00ebt,\u00a0Mamenkisaurid\u00ebt\u00a0dhe\u00a0Titanosauriad\u00ebt.<\/p>\n
Kjo ndodhi n\u00eb kontinente t\u00eb ndryshme, n\u00eb periudha t\u00eb ndryshme dhe n\u00eb klima t\u00eb ndryshme, nga shkret\u00ebtirat tek pyjet e shiut. Por\u00a0dinosaur\u00ebt\u00a0e tjer\u00eb q\u00eb jetonin n\u00eb k\u00ebto mjedise nuk u b\u00ebn\u00eb super\u2013gjigant\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Fija e zakonshme q\u00eb i lidhte k\u00ebto kafsh\u00eb me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn, ishte se ato ishin\u00a0sauropod\u00eb. Di\u00e7ka q\u00eb kishte lidhje me anatomin\u00eb e\u00a0sauropodit\u00a0\u2013 mushk\u00ebrit\u00eb, kockat e zbraz\u00ebta me nj\u00eb raport t\u00eb lart\u00eb forc\u00eb ndaj pesh\u00ebs, metabolizmi ose t\u00eb gjitha s\u00eb bashku \u2013 e zhbllokuan potencialin e tyre evolucionar.<\/p>\n
Kjo u dha mund\u00ebsi q\u00eb t\u00eb rriteshin n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb asnj\u00eb kafsh\u00eb tok\u00ebsore nuk e kishte pasur kurr\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb. Po k\u00ebshtu,\u00a0dinosaur\u00ebt\u00a0mishngr\u00ebn\u00ebs\u00a0evoluan\u00a0n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur n\u00eb grabitqar\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj, dhjet\u00eb metra t\u00eb gjat\u00eb dhe shum\u00eb-ton\u00ebsh.<\/p>\n
Mbi 100 milion vjet,\u00a0megalosauridet,\u00a0alosauridet,\u00a0karkarodontosauridet,\u00a0neovenatorid\u00ebt\u00a0dhe m\u00eb n\u00eb fund\u00a0tiranozaur\u00ebt\u00a0evoluan\u00a0n\u00eb grabitqar\u00ebt gjigant\u00eb. Me kalimin e koh\u00ebs, dinozaur\u00ebt treguan nj\u00eb prirje t\u00eb dob\u00ebt drejt rritjes s\u00eb madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb trurit.<\/p>\n
Dinozaur\u00ebt\u00a0Jurasik\u00eb\u00a0si\u00a0Alosaurus,\u00a0Stegosaurus\u00a0dhe\u00a0Brakiosaurus\u00a0kishin nj\u00eb tru t\u00eb vog\u00ebl.<\/p>\n
Nga\u00a0Kretaku\u00a0i von\u00eb, 80 milion\u00eb vjet m\u00eb von\u00eb,\u00a0tiranosaur\u00ebt\u00a0dhe rosat\u00a0evoluan\u00a0drejt nj\u00eb truri m\u00eb t\u00eb madh. Por pavar\u00ebsisht nga madh\u00ebsia e tij, truri i\u00a0T.Rex\u00a0ende peshonte vet\u00ebm 400 gram. Nj\u00eb tru i\u00a0Velociraptor\u00a0peshonte 15 gram\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Sot truri mesatar i njeriut peshon 1.3 kilogram\u00eb. Me kalimin e koh\u00ebs dinozaur\u00ebt p\u00ebsuan ndryshime t\u00eb reja. K\u00ebshtu barngr\u00ebn\u00ebsit e vegj\u00ebl u b\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm, nd\u00ebrsa zogjt\u00eb u\u00a0diversifikuan. Format e tyre me k\u00ebmb\u00eb t\u00eb gjata\u00a0evoluan\u00a0m\u00eb von\u00eb, duke sugjeruar ekzistenc\u00ebn e nj\u00eb gare t\u00eb fort\u00eb midis grabitqar\u00ebve.<\/p>\n
Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb\u00a0dinosaur\u00ebt\u00a0duket se kan\u00eb pasur jet\u00eb sociale gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb komplekse. Ata filluan\u00a0t\u00eb jetonin n\u00eb tufa dhe\u00a0evoluan\u00a0p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur brir\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunuar p\u00ebr luftime dhe shfaqje. Por duket se ata kan\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur veten, duke evoluar n\u00eb barngr\u00ebn\u00ebs gjigant\u00eb dhe mishngr\u00ebn\u00ebs me tru t\u00eb vog\u00ebl.<\/p>\n
Sot kemi pak t\u00eb dh\u00ebna nga rreth 100 milion\u00eb vite histori t\u00eb\u00a0dinosaur\u00ebve, dhe nuk mund ta dim\u00eb me siguri n\u00ebse ata do t\u00eb kishin b\u00ebr\u00eb di\u00e7ka krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00ebse nuk do t\u00eb ishte p\u00ebrplasur asteroidi. Ne me siguri do t\u00eb kishim ende barngr\u00ebn\u00ebsit super\u2013gjigant\u00eb me qaf\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb dhe grabitqar\u00ebt e m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm me\u00a0tiranozaur\u00ebt.<\/p>\n
Ata mund t\u00eb kishin evoluar drejt nj\u00eb truri pak m\u00eb t\u00eb madh, por ka pak prova se ata do t\u00eb kishin evoluar drejt specieve gjeniale. Nuk ka gjasa q\u00eb ata t\u00eb zinin vendin e gjitar\u00ebve. Dinozaur\u00ebt kishin monopolin n\u00eb mjediset e tyre deri n\u00eb fund, kur erdhi asteroidi. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb gjitar\u00ebt, kishin kufizime t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n
Ata nuk kan\u00eb evoluar asnj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb barngr\u00ebn\u00ebs dhe mishngr\u00ebn\u00ebs super\u2013gjigant\u00eb. Por n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur kan\u00eb evoluar p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur nj\u00eb tru m\u00eb t\u00eb madh. Truri masiv (si i madh apo m\u00eb i madh se i yni) evoluoi tek\u00a0orkat, balenat, elefant\u00ebt, fokat leopard dhe majmun\u00ebt.<\/p>\n
Sot, disa pasardh\u00ebs t\u00eb\u00a0dinosaur\u00ebve\u00a0\u2013 zogj si sorrat dhe papagajt\u00eb \u2013 kan\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem nervor kompleks. Ata mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin mjete t\u00eb ndryshme, t\u00eb flasin dhe t\u00eb num\u00ebrojn\u00eb. Por jan\u00eb gjitar\u00ebt si majmun\u00ebt, elefant\u00ebt dhe delfin\u00ebt, q\u00eb\u00a0evoluan\u00a0p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur nj\u00eb tru m\u00eb t\u00eb madh dhe sjellje m\u00eb komplekse.<\/p>\n
Pra, a solli eliminimi i\u00a0dinosaur\u00ebve\u00a0evoluimin e gjitar\u00ebve n\u00eb aspektin e inteligjenc\u00ebs? Ndoshta jo. Pikat e fillimit mund t\u00eb kufizojn\u00eb\u00a0destinacionin, por ato as nuk e garantojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb t\u00eb fundit.\u00a0Stiv\u00a0Xhobs,\u00a0Bill\u00a0Gejts\u00a0dhe\u00a0Mark\u00a0Zukerberg\u00a0e braktis\u00ebn dikur universitetin.<\/p>\n
Por n\u00ebse do t\u00eb ishte e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb q\u00eb braktisja ju b\u00ebn automatikisht nj\u00eb\u00a0multimiliarder, at\u00ebher\u00eb \u00e7do njeri q\u00eb e ka braktisur universitetin do t\u00eb ishte i pasur. Edhe kur ia nisni nga vendi i duhur, keni nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr mund\u00ebsi dhe fat. Historia evolucionare e primat\u00ebve sugjeron se evolucioni yn\u00eb ishte gjith\u00e7ka tjet\u00ebr ve\u00e7se jo i pashmangsh\u00ebm. N\u00eb Afrik\u00eb, primat\u00ebt\u00a0evoluan\u00a0n\u00eb majmun\u00eb me tru t\u00eb madh dhe mbi 7 milion\u00eb vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, krijuan njer\u00ebz modern\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Por diku tjet\u00ebr evolucioni i primat\u00ebve mori rrug\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme. Kur majmun\u00ebt arrit\u00ebn n\u00eb Amerik\u00ebn e Jugut 35 milion\u00eb vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, ata sapo\u00a0evoluan\u00a0n\u00eb shum\u00eb lloje majmun\u00ebsh. Dhe primat\u00ebt mb\u00ebrrit\u00ebn n\u00eb Amerik\u00ebn e Veriut t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn tre her\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta, 55 milion vjet m\u00eb par\u00ebs, 50 milion\u00eb vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb dhe 20 milion\u00eb vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, ata nuk\u00a0evoluan\u00a0n\u00eb nj\u00eb specie q\u00eb prodhon arm\u00eb b\u00ebrthamore dhe telefona inteligjent\u00eb. P\u00ebrkundrazi, ata u zhduk\u00ebn p\u00ebr arsye q\u00eb ende nuk i kuptojm\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb, evolucioni i primat\u00ebve mori nj\u00eb drejtim unik. Di\u00e7ka n\u00eb lidhje me faun\u00ebn, flor\u00ebn ose gjeografin\u00eb e Afrik\u00ebs e nxiti evolucionin e majmun\u00ebve: primat\u00ebt tok\u00ebsor\u00eb, me trup t\u00eb madh, me tru t\u00eb madh, dhe q\u00eb p\u00ebrdornin mjete. Edhe me zhdukjen e\u00a0dinosaur\u00ebve, evolucioni yn\u00eb kishte nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr kombinimin e duhur t\u00eb mund\u00ebsive dhe fatit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Gjasht\u00ebdhjet\u00eb e gjasht\u00eb milion\u00eb vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, nj\u00eb asteroid gjigant e goditi Tok\u00ebn me forc\u00ebn e 10 miliard\u00eb bombave atomike, duke e ndryshuar rrjedh\u00ebn e evolucionit. Qiejt u err\u00ebsuan dhe bim\u00ebt e ndaluan procesin e fotosintez\u00ebs. Pasi bim\u00ebt u than\u00eb, ngordh\u00ebn edhe kafsh\u00ebt q\u00eb ushqeheshin me to. U prish zinxhiri ushqimor, teksa u zhduk\u00ebn mbi …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":33482,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33481","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-bota"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33481","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33481"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33481\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/33482"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33481"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33481"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33481"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}