{"id":35318,"date":"2023-01-26T09:44:23","date_gmt":"2023-01-26T09:44:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/?p=35318"},"modified":"2023-01-26T09:44:23","modified_gmt":"2023-01-26T09:44:23","slug":"arsye-dhe-kotesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/2023\/01\/26\/arsye-dhe-kotesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Arsye dhe kot\u00ebsi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Veset e intelektual\u00ebve? Eksibicioniz\u00ebm dhe shp\u00ebrfillje e ndjenj\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt. I ka demaskuar Paul Johnson, historian dhe dashnor i liris\u00eb.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Understatement ishte pika e fort\u00eb e tij. Ndoshta p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb obituary <\/em>i Paul Johnson, i vdekur pak dit\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 94 vje\u00e7are, ka kujtuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb polemistin sesa historianin, m\u00eb shum\u00eb gazetarin sesa mendimtarin. Megjithat\u00eb, rast i rrall\u00eb midis atyre q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb p\u00ebr ta par\u00eb emrin e tyre t\u00eb shtypur n\u00eb intervale t\u00eb rregullta, Johnson ishte v\u00ebrtet nj\u00eb mendimtar. Librat e tij m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, nga Modern Times <\/em>(1983) tek The Intellectuals <\/em>(1987) tek A History of the<\/em> American People <\/em>(1997), nuk jan\u00eb vet\u00ebm pun\u00eb divulgimi t\u00eb madh. P\u00ebr t\u2019u kuptuar, nuk jan\u00eb Storia d\u2019Italia <\/em>e Montanelli (dhe Gervaso e Cervi): nj\u00eb sup\u00eb kujtimesh e studimeve t\u00eb gjimnazit, jo rast\u00ebsisht e servirur n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend ku gjimnazin e frekuentonin pak dhe ishte nj\u00eb gj\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb serioze se ajo q\u00eb m\u00eb pas kemi b\u00ebr\u00eb ne. Brenda ka nj\u00eb perspektiv\u00eb historike origjinale, pak k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb dor\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb, por nj\u00eb aft\u00ebsi sintetizuese e jasht\u00ebzakonshme, ajo e rind\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb lidhjeve t\u00eb rast\u00ebsishme t\u00eb ngjarjeve p\u00ebrtej p\u00ebrpara she pas q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb tipike e historian\u00ebve t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, duke u nisur nga faktet, por duke i lexuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsisht ndryshe nga m\u00eb t\u00eb shumtit, Johnson ka ushtruar nj\u00eb influenc\u00eb vendimtare mbi l\u00ebvizjen konservatore, sidomos n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara dhe m\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi mbi lexuesit e tij. Teoria e ciklit ekonomik t\u00eb shkoll\u00ebs austriale, q\u00eb shpjegon se n\u00eb rr\u00ebnj\u00ebn e bust <\/em>ka nj\u00eb boom <\/em>t\u00eb prodhuar artificialisht nga ekspansioni i kreditit t\u00eb futur nga politika monetare, merr jet\u00eb n\u00eb faqet e Johnson mbi Depresionin e Madh, nd\u00ebrthuret me ndodhit\u00eb politike e viteve Nj\u00ebzet, ndez\u00a0 fantazin\u00eb e kujt e lexon. Artizan i aft\u00eb i fjal\u00ebs, por jan\u00eb kureshtja intelektuale, shija e detajit, vendosm\u00ebria p\u00ebr t\u00eb futur nga koka e posht\u00eb disa mite historiografike, por duke luajtur t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn loj\u00eb t\u00eb historian\u00ebve, q\u00eb e b\u00ebjn\u00eb Johnson nj\u00eb prej z\u00ebrave m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm t\u00eb konservatorizmit anglosakson t\u00eb pasLuft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Johnson studioi n\u00eb Magdalen College t\u00eb Oxford, i kishte flok\u00ebt e kuq dhe ishte katolik, karakteristik\u00eb nj\u00ebra dhe tjetra q\u00eb e kishin b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb njihte p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebn e paragjykimit dhe t\u00eb dyshimit, ama vet\u00ebm n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e boarding school<\/em>. Si f\u00ebmij\u00eb, kur \u201cka\u00e7urrelat e mia t\u00eb kuqe n\u00eb t\u00eb art\u00eb do kishin qen\u00eb shum\u00eb mir\u00eb ato t\u00eb nj\u00eb vajze\u201d, n\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt krifa e tij t\u00ebrhiqte v\u00ebmendje. \u201cNjer\u00ebzit ndalonin n\u00eb rrug\u00eb dhe i b\u00ebnin komplimenta kujtdo q\u00eb m\u00eb shoq\u00ebronte prej pamjes time prej engj\u00eblli, por t\u00eb kaluar gisht\u00ebrinjt\u00eb, jo gjithmon\u00eb t\u00eb pastra, midis flok\u00ebve t\u00eb mi. N\u00ebna ime nuk i duronte\u201d. Viteve t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebris\u00eb Johnson i ka kushtuar nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr t\u00eb shkruar me gishtat e k\u00ebmb\u00ebs, The Vanished Landscape <\/em>(2006). Titulli i referohet rajonit t\u00eb policis\u00eb s\u00eb Potteries, zon\u00ebs s\u00eb Stoke on Trent, midis Birmingham dhe Manchester, ku familja e tij ishte transferuar pik\u00ebrisht nga Manchester (Paul ka lindur aty). Potteries, e thot\u00eb emri, ishte i famsh\u00ebm prej qeramikave dhe oxhaqeve viktoriane q\u00eb e furnizonin me tepri. Ai peizazh stabilimentesh dhe fabrik\u00ebzash, me oxhaqet dhe me mbetjet e tij, nj\u00eb f\u00ebmije i dukej i \u201cbukur dhe i eg\u00ebr: nj\u00eb ferr d\u00ebshp\u00ebrueshm\u00ebrisht romantik ku mund t\u00eb strehoheshin p\u00ebr qejf fatth\u00ebna malinje dhe d\u00ebshtak\u00eb, djaj\u00eb dhe troll\u00eb\u201d.\u00a0 I ati ishte nj\u00eb artist dhe president i shkoll\u00ebs s\u00eb artit n\u00eb Burslem. Ishte \u201cnj\u00eb konservator allaEdmund Burke, nj\u00eb njeri q\u00eb e dashuronte t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn dhe do t\u00eb kishte preferuar q\u00eb traditat t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtateshin dhe t\u00eb ndryshonin me ngadal\u00ebsi n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb transformoheshin\u201d. E adhuronte Spanj\u00ebn, ku shkonte \u00e7do ver\u00eb \u201cp\u00ebr t\u00eb dizajnuar kishat, manastiret dhe nd\u00ebrtesat mesjetare t\u00eb tij t\u00eb \u00e7do lloji\u201d. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb e v\u00ebrejti luft\u00ebn civile me dhimbje t\u00eb madhe, duke b\u00ebr\u00eb tifozll\u00ebk p\u00ebr Franco megjith\u00ebse duke ia urryer aleat\u00ebt: nga fraksionet n\u00eb luft\u00eb, i dukej m\u00eb respektuesi i shpirtit t\u00eb vendit. \u201cPlakej p\u00ebrpara syve kur shikonte tok\u00ebn q\u00eb e dashuronte aq shum\u00eb t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrohej nga lufta civile, nga lindja n\u00eb per\u00ebndim, nga veriu n\u00eb jug. Nuk do t\u00eb m\u00eb shkel\u00eb m\u00eb k\u00ebmba, m\u00eb tha, nuk do t\u00eb mund ta duroja. Nj\u00eb dit\u00eb po e shoq\u00ebroja n\u00eb kish\u00eb kur takuam nj\u00eb procesin t\u00eb keqmbajtur t\u00eb majte, i kryesuar nga nj\u00eb poster q\u00eb apelonte \u201cM\u00eb shum\u00eb arm\u00eb p\u00ebr Spanj\u00ebn!\u201d. Im at\u00eb shfryu: Spanja ka tashm\u00eb shum\u00eb arm\u00eb. Bile ka shum\u00eb, ahim\u00e8\u201d.<\/p>\n

Rast\u00ebsisht Paul Johnson e admironte shum\u00eb George Orwell, q\u00eb \u201cnuk u kufizua t\u00eb jap\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjen e tij morale republik\u00ebs\u201d nga prapa makin\u00ebs s\u00eb shkrimit \u201csi thuajse totalitetin t\u00eb intelektual\u00ebve per\u00ebndimor\u00eb, por thuajse unik midis tyre, shkoi t\u00eb luftoj\u00eb\u201d. Orwell, v\u00ebren Johnson, vler\u00ebsonte poezin\u00eb e Auden \u201cSpanja\u201d, por jo vargun e tij m\u00eb t\u00eb njohur: \u201cPranimi shokues i faj\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb vrasjen e nevojshme\u201d. Nj\u00eb shprehje e ngjashme mund ta shkruante tamam nj\u00eb burr\u00eb \u201cp\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin vrasja \u00ebsht\u00eb maksimumi i nj\u00eb fjale\u201d. Babai i Johnson, konservator burkean, me m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e tij i m\u00ebsoi t\u00eb birit t\u00eb dashuroj\u00eb panoram\u00ebn industriale t\u00eb Potteries. E \u00ebma mezi e duronte. Shikonte mjerimin e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve dhe shpresonte se mund t\u2019ia hidhnin paq. \u201cIshte nj\u00eb liberal alla Gladstone. Citonte sloganin e vjet\u00ebr elektoral \u201cPaqe, jond\u00ebrhyrje dhe reforma\u201d\u201d. Shum\u00eb vite m\u00eb pas, Johnson do ta imitoj\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb se kushdo tjet\u00ebr takimin e k\u00ebtyre dy traditave, por si parim rreshtohet majtas. I shk\u00ebputur nga Gjibraltari, kishte par\u00eb \u201cmjerimin e regjimit t\u00eb Franco\u201d dhe m\u00eb pas n\u00eb Paris, m\u00eb 1952, kishte qen\u00eb d\u00ebshmitar i represionit brutal t\u00eb manifestuesve q\u00eb protestonin kund\u00ebr vizit\u00ebs s\u00eb gjeneralit Matthew Ridgway, Komandant Suprem i NATO. N\u00eb Paris \u00ebsht\u00eb korrespondent i \u201cNew Statesman\u201d, n\u00eb rikthimin n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr hyn n\u00eb redaksi dhe b\u00ebhet drejtor m\u00eb 1965. Me Johnson, e p\u00ebrjavshmja prek pikun e shp\u00ebrndarjes: 100000 kopje. Referimi i tij politik \u00ebsht\u00eb Aneurin Bevan, ish minatori uellsian q\u00eb krijoi National Health Service.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb n\u00eb \u201cNew Statesman\u201d q\u00eb fillon t\u00eb ket\u00eb raporte me t\u00eb fuqishmit, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast t\u00eb fuqishmit e Partis\u00eb Laburiste, p\u00ebrve\u00e7se figuron n\u00eb inteligjenc\u00ebn e vendit. Por qysh nga debutimi tek ai ka nj\u00eb damar sardonik, q\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00ebfar\u00eb m\u00ebnyre i korrigjon shijen e dialogimit me t\u00eb fuqishmit, t\u00eb lan\u00e7oj\u00eb dhe limoj\u00eb m\u00ebnyra kulturore, t\u00eb qenit chattering<\/em>, por edhe paksa ruling class<\/em>. Aq \u00ebsht\u00eb sa shp\u00ebrthimi m\u00eb i paharruesh\u00ebm i t\u00eb riut Johnson \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb artikull i vitit 1958, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin mbyt at\u00eb q\u00eb \u201c\u00ebsht\u00eb padyshim libri m\u00eb i m\u00ebrzitsh\u00ebm q\u00eb un\u00eb kam lexuar ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb\u201d, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb Dr. No <\/em>i Ian Fleming. I procesuar dhe i d\u00ebnuar p\u00ebr \u201cseks, snobiz\u00ebm dhe sadiz\u00ebm\u201d. Zakoni me pushteti dhe nj\u00eb dell i jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm (e ushtruar n\u00eb terrene t\u00eb loj\u00ebs q\u00eb p\u00ebr neve jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtuara) e b\u00ebjn\u00eb nj\u00eb polemist rangu, q\u00eb si t\u00eb gjith\u00eb polemist\u00ebt e b\u00ebn q\u00eb t\u2019i shp\u00ebtoj\u00eb ndonj\u00eb fjal\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb. Konvertohet n\u00eb thatcheriz\u00ebm, admiron Zonj\u00ebn e Hekurt pafund\u00ebsisht, por e rr\u00ebfen si nj\u00eb studente t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetshme, q\u00eb rast\u00ebsisht ha vet\u00ebm nga duart e saj. B\u00ebhet mik dhe i besuari i Lady D, e p\u00ebrshkruar, me afeksion p\u00ebr hat\u00ebr t\u00eb Zotit, si gruan m\u00eb injorante t\u00eb bot\u00ebs p\u00ebr sa ishte edhe m\u00eb simpatikja. P\u00ebr instinkt, jo pse i vjen p\u00ebr mbar\u00eb apo kishte nj\u00eb kanova\u00e7o p\u00ebr t\u00eb recituar. Vet\u00eb Johnson qe objekt thashethemesh, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie jasht\u00ebmartesore q\u00eb i kishte dal\u00eb n\u00eb drit\u00eb n\u00eb fillimvitet \u201990. Katolik jo n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra, doli me nj\u00eb ulje ngurruese shpatullash, duke pranuar se p\u00ebrfshirjet n\u00eb jet\u00ebn privagte qen\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb \u00e7mimi i njohjes. Mblodhi jo vet\u00ebm fjal\u00ebt e k\u00ebqija, por edhe shum\u00eb armiq dhe ndonj\u00eb nderim. Commander of the Order of the British Empire n\u00eb 2016, n\u00eb 2006 kishte marr\u00eb Presidential Medal of Freedom nga George W. Bush.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitet \u20182000 Johnson ka vazhduar t\u00eb botoj\u00eb libra me nj\u00eb rit\u00ebm marramend\u00ebs, kryesisht biografi, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast m\u00eb shum\u00eb si nj\u00eb akt i shk\u00eblqyer divulgimi. Por n\u00eb koh\u00ebt q\u00eb shkruante Modern Times<\/em>, The Intellectuals <\/em>dhe The Birth of the Modern <\/em>(1991), nj\u00eb kryevep\u00ebr pas tjetr\u00ebs, prodhueshm\u00ebria e tij irriton deri admiruesit m\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00ebngul\u00ebs. Norman Podhoretz, drejtori i \u201cCommentary\u201d, thoshte: \u201cMund edhe ta imagjinoj n\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb m\u00ebnyre Paul arrin t\u00eb furnizoj\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka shkruan, por si dreqin gjen koh\u00eb t\u2019i lexoj\u00eb?\u201d. John O\u2019Sullivan, m\u00eb pas speechwriter <\/em>i zonj\u00ebs Thatcher dhe drejtor i \u201cNational Review\u201d, sapo kishte filluar t\u00eb punonte tek \u201cHeritage Foundation\u201d si drejtor i revist\u00ebs \u201cPolicy Review\u201d, kur Johnson shkoi edhe ai n\u00eb Uashington p\u00ebr nj\u00eb sabatik tek \u201cAmerican Enterprise Institute\u201d. Nj\u00eb sekretare, rr\u00ebfen, i foli p\u00ebr \u201cmisterin\u201d e ish drejtorit t\u00eb \u201cNew Statesman\u201d. \u201cHulumtuesit e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb institutit vinin nja gjysm\u00eb ore pas neve sekretareve. Shkonon n\u00eb zyr\u00eb, b\u00ebnin ndonj\u00eb telefonat\u00eb, dilnin p\u00ebr t\u00eb pir\u00eb nj\u00eb kafe dhe pastaj ndaleshin p\u00ebr t\u00eb shk\u00ebmbyer ndonj\u00eb llafe me ne. Edhe kur shkojm\u00eb shum\u00eb shpejt, Paul Johnson \u00ebsht\u00eb tashm\u00eb aty, i mbyllur n\u00eb dhom\u00ebn e tij nga ku mund t\u00eb d\u00ebgjojm\u00eb makin\u00eb e tij t\u00eb shkrimit q\u00eb godet rrept\u00eb pa nd\u00ebrprerje. \u00c7do 3 or\u00eb nxjerr hund\u00ebn nga porta, drejtohet p\u00ebr nga makina e kafes\u00eb, e hedh n\u00eb nj\u00eb filxhan dhe rikthehet n\u00eb zyr\u00eb, ulet p\u00ebr qejf dhe makina e shkrimit rifillon t\u00eb rrah\u00eb. Dhe, p\u00ebr sa mund t\u2019i b\u00ebjm\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb mbr\u00ebmjen, makina e shkrimit vazhdon t\u00eb rrah\u00eb edhe kur ne largohemi\u201d. Mrekullia e produktivitetit t\u00eb Johnson shpjegohet k\u00ebshtu: punonte m\u00eb shum\u00eb se t\u00eb gjith\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt. Tek The Intellectuals<\/em>, shkruan Giuliano Ferrara n\u00eb 2003, se \u201cduhet t\u00eb mbahet mend nga \u00e7do lexues i k\u00ebsaj gazete\u201d, Johnson b\u00ebn dy operacione t\u00eb ndryshme. Tek i pari, e ka kujtuar edhe Paolo Di Stefano tek \u201cCorriere della Sera\u201d, tregon diferenc\u00ebn midis teorive humanitare dhe jet\u00ebs s\u00eb utopist\u00ebve, zakonisht gjith\u00e7ka p\u00ebrve\u00e7se t\u00eb pakuptueshme. Intelektual\u00ebt titullar\u00eb (nga Rousseau tek Noam Chomsky) dalin si nj\u00eb ushtri vanitoz\u00ebsh, t\u00eb impenjuar n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb sot do t\u00eb quhej virtue signalling<\/em>: militimi \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb di\u00e7ka p\u00ebr t\u2019u ekspozuar, sidomos sepse Johnson n\u00ebnvizon sesi figura e intelektualit modern \u00ebsht\u00eb pazgjidhshm\u00ebrisht subversive. Prodhuesit e fjal\u00ebve jan\u00eb ndjek\u00ebs shekullar\u00eb t\u00eb herezis\u00eb gnostike.<\/p>\n

Shembulli i p\u00ebrkryer, e shpjegon tek Modern Times<\/em>, \u00ebsht\u00eb Sigmund Freud. \u201cBesonte se ekzistonte nj\u00eb struktur\u00eb okulte e dijes, q\u00eb duke p\u00ebrdorur teknikat ai po i nxirrte, mund t\u00eb ravij\u00ebzohet p\u00ebrtej sip\u00ebrfaqes\u201d. \u00cbsht\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht kjo ide e nj\u00eb dije sekrete, p\u00ebrfshi kontradikt\u00ebn me shum\u00eb dhe m\u00eb vibrante me iluzionet e presupozuara t\u00eb v\u00ebzhgimit dhe t\u00eb ndjesis\u00eb s\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt, q\u00eb eksiton njer\u00ebzit e mendimit, i kandis t\u00eb posedojn\u00eb nj\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje t\u00eb privilegjuar ndaj realitetit, i stimulon duke ju sugjeruar se nuk vlen asgj\u00eb n\u00ebse kjo pik\u00ebpamje \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb tension me idet\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb shumt\u00ebs, bile m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00ebs, \u00ebsht\u00eb konfirmimi q\u00eb prisnin. Nga k\u00ebtu leht\u00ebsia me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn intelektual\u00ebt i magjepsin nga p\u00ebrdorimi i dhun\u00ebs n\u00eb politik\u00eb: q\u00eb duket m\u00ebnyra e vetme e sigurt\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb tejkaluar mosp\u00ebrkryerjet dhe hipokrizit\u00eb e s\u00eb tashmes, sidomos t\u00eb tashmes s\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb borgjeze. Edhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, Orwell b\u00ebn nj\u00eb gj\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht tjet\u00ebr, intelektualin antiintelektual. E arriti me sukses mezi, n\u00eb gar\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr p\u00ebr nj\u00eb t\u00eb ardhme m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb, duke arritur t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb ishte instinktivisht e qart\u00eb p\u00ebr bashk\u00ebkoh\u00ebsin e tij Evelyn Waugh (nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr hero i Johnson), dometh\u00ebn\u00eb \u201ciracionaliteti themelor i sjelljes njer\u00ebzore\u201d. Por p\u00ebr sa e p\u00ebr\u00e7monte shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb kapitaliste, Orwell nuk mendoi kurr\u00eb se q\u00ebniet njer\u00ebzore qen\u00eb krijuar p\u00ebr t\u2019u rimodeluar sipas qejfit, p\u00ebr t\u2019i eliminuar difektet, duke filluar nga ata q\u00eb i shtyjn\u00eb t\u00eb ndjekin fitimin. Tek Modern Times<\/em>, Johnson e p\u00ebrdor \u2018900 p\u00ebr t\u00eb na shpjeguar se nuk ka asgj\u00eb n\u00eb histori q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e pashmangshme. \u00cbsht\u00eb kurthi i rastit,\u00a0 individualitetit, t\u00eb shum\u00eb \u201cmomenteve fatale\u201d q\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebn e ngjarjeve, jo ligjet e nuhatura nga ndonj\u00eb profet. N\u00eb nj\u00eb diskutim tek \u201cAmerican Enterprise Institute\u201d n\u00eb vitin 1979, Johnson theksonte se \u201casnj\u00eb studiues i historis\u00eb mund t\u00eb dyshoj\u00eb se n\u00eb periudh\u00eb afatgjat\u00eb trajektorja e njer\u00ebzimit tentn drejt liris\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb individit\u201d. E megjithat\u00eb ishte i detyruar t\u00eb pyeste: \u201cKush mund t\u00eb afirmoj\u00eb ndershm\u00ebrisht se n\u00eb shekullin ton\u00eb shumatorja e liris\u00eb njer\u00ebzore \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur v\u00ebrtet?\u201d.<\/p>\n

Dy luft\u00ebra bot\u00ebrore kan\u00eb fark\u00ebtuar \u201cshtetin \u2013 Frankenstein modern. Shtetet nuk kan\u00eb t\u00eb kufizuar t\u00eb zhvillojn\u00eb mjetet t\u00eb reja dhe pap\u00ebrdorura shkat\u00ebrrimi, por kan\u00eb gjetur metoda t\u00eb reja shtyp\u00ebese dhe metoda t\u00eb reja g\u00ebnjimi. N\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn shtet ka gllab\u00ebruar me uri gjetjet malinje t\u00eb gjetura q\u00eb naiviteti njer\u00ebzor i v\u00eb vazhdimisht n\u00eb dispozicion\u201d. Nuk mund t\u00eb zgjidhet tensioni midis rritjes s\u00eb liris\u00eb njer\u00ebzore nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb dhe zgjerimit konstant t\u00eb sfer\u00ebs s\u00eb kontrollit nga ana tjet\u00ebr. \u00cbsht\u00eb dilema me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn konfrontohen akoma sot ata q\u00eb duan lirin\u00eb dhe q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb detyruar t\u2019i konstatojn\u00eb brisht\u00ebsin\u00eb, deri ku duket se ka ngjitur, deri midis atyre q\u00eb duhet ta ken\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb dashur. Edhe kush, si Herbert Spencer, kishte par\u00eb tek evolucioni i grupeve njer\u00ebzore nj\u00eb proces diversifikimi dhe bashk\u00ebpunimi n\u00eb rritje, ku liria e individit mund t\u00eb krijonte hap\u00ebsir\u00eb, kishte nuhatur se rikthimi i tribalizmit, i hierarkis\u00eb, i luft\u00ebs gjithmon\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb hap larg. P\u00ebr ta th\u00ebn\u00eb me Johnson, \u201cPrej t\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebtyre leksioneve, ai q\u00eb historia paraqitet me urgjenc\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb dhe q\u00eb ne vazhdojm\u00eb ta injorojm\u00eb me kok\u00ebfort\u00ebsi \u00ebsht\u00eb: \u201cRuaju nga shteti\u201d\u201d.<\/p>\n

(nga Il Foglio<\/em>)<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgatiti<\/strong><\/p>\n

ARMIN TIRANA<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Veset e intelektual\u00ebve? Eksibicioniz\u00ebm dhe shp\u00ebrfillje e ndjenj\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt. I ka demaskuar Paul Johnson, historian dhe dashnor i liris\u00eb. Understatement ishte pika e fort\u00eb e tij. Ndoshta p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb obituary i Paul Johnson, i vdekur pak dit\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 94 vje\u00e7are, ka kujtuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb polemistin sesa historianin, m\u00eb shum\u00eb gazetarin sesa …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":35319,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35318","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-kulture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35318","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35318"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35318\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/35319"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35318"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35318"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35318"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}