Si jemi b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebta q\u00eb jemi? Si jemi evoluar p\u00ebr t\u2019u b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb aft\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb q\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb, t\u00eb flasim, t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtojm\u00eb shoq\u00ebri? Pra: pse jemi b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm nga kush\u00ebrinjt\u00eb tan\u00eb, Neandertal\u00ebt, por edhe nga shimpanzet\u00eb dhe bonobot? P\u00ebrgjigja, e bujshme, e ka zbuluar nj\u00eb ekip n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin b\u00ebn pjes\u00eb Svante P\u00e4\u00e4bo, nobel i fresk\u00ebt. Varet nga ndryshimi i nj\u00eb geni. M\u00eb shum\u00eb: varet nga nj\u00eb aminoacid\u00a0(nga 540!) q\u00eb dallon protein\u00ebn e kodifikuar nga ai gen respektivisht me protein\u00ebn korresponduese t\u00eb Neandertalit.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr t\u00eb mos u besuar: nj\u00eb punim i botuar n\u00eb \u00abScience\u00bb nga hulumtues t\u00eb Max Planck Institute dhe t\u00eb Universitetit t\u00eb Drezdenit \u2014 midis t\u00eb cil\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe Svante P\u00e4\u00e4bo, q\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht m\u00eb 10 dhjetor do t\u00eb marr\u00eb n\u00eb Stokholm \u00c7mimin Nobel p\u00ebr Mjek\u00ebsin\u00eb apo Fiziologjin\u00eb 2022 \u2014 shpjegon sesi jemi b\u00ebr\u00eb njer\u00ebzor\u00eb, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb sesi truri yn\u00eb ka evoluar p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb n\u00eb planin njoh\u00ebs, n\u00eb aft\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb folur dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur raporte sociale. Pra, me nj\u00eb fjal\u00eb, sepse jemi ndryshe nga kush\u00ebrinjt\u00eb tan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrt, Nenadertal\u00ebt, por edhe shimpanzet\u00eb, nga bonobot dhe nga primat\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb jonjer\u00ebzor\u00eb, por le t\u00eb ecim me shkall\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e drejtuar nga P\u00e4\u00e4bo, p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb 2014, p\u00ebrcjellin sekuenc\u00ebn e plot\u00eb e genom\u00ebs s\u00eb njeriut t\u00eb Neandertalit: fal\u00eb k\u00ebsaj pune u b\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb studiohen genet \u2013 dhe t\u00eb proteinave korresponduese t\u00eb tyre \u2014 e atyre t\u00eb hominid\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u00eb provuar sesi dhe n\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb diferencoheshin eventualisht nga ato t\u00eb species ton\u00eb. U tha, u b\u00eb. Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt po vler\u00ebsojn\u00eb nj\u00eb prej k\u00ebtyre modifikimeve, me nj\u00eb objektiv t\u00eb vet\u00ebm: t\u00eb kuptohet se pse\u00a0Homo Sapiens\u00a0<\/em>ka mbetur specia e vetme njer\u00ebzore mbi Tok\u00eb, duke i tejklasuar n\u00eb terma t\u00eb kapaciteteve intelektuale Neandertal\u00ebt, hominid\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb dhe primat\u00ebt jo njer\u00ebzor\u00eb. Shpejt v\u00ebmendja ka r\u00ebn\u00eb mbi nj\u00eb gen me interes t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb: quhet TKTL1 dhe kodifikohet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb protein\u00eb, q\u00eb jo rast\u00ebsisht ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me zhvillimin e trurit fetal dhe me qeliza specifike st\u00ebrgjyshore t\u00eb neuroneve t\u00eb quajtur glia rrezore e jashtme. Rreth 500000 vite m\u00eb par\u00eb st\u00ebrgjysh\u00ebrit e Neandertalit dhe t\u00eb\u00a0Homo Sapiens\u00a0<\/em>migronin nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb e Afrik\u00ebs dhe e Eurazis\u00eb, por n\u00eb nj\u00eb moment t\u00eb caktuar dhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb papritur truri i disave prej tyre ndryshon, n\u00eb pik\u00ebn q\u00eb t\u2019u jap\u00eb popullsive t\u00eb njeriut modern kapacitete njoh\u00ebse q\u00eb Neandertal\u00ebt haptazi nuk e kishin apo e tregonin vet\u00ebm n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb sporadike. \u00c7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb ndodhur?<\/p>\n Geni p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin kemi folur m\u00eb par\u00eb, TKTL1, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht natyrale ndryshon dhe ka qen\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht ky ndryshim q\u00eb i mund\u00ebson kujt e ka benefitin t\u2019i tejkaloj\u00eb, si prezantime njoh\u00ebse, jo vet\u00ebm Neandertalin dhe Denisovan (nj\u00eb lloj motre e Neandertalit q\u00eb jetonte n\u00eb Azin\u00eb Qendrore), por edhe t\u00eb gjitha speciet e tjera njer\u00ebzore q\u00eb qindramij\u00ebra vite m\u00eb par\u00eb popullonin Tok\u00ebn ton\u00eb. Duhet sakt\u00ebsuar se kur ne themi se jemi b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb \u00abinteligjent\u00eb\u00bb, po aplikojm\u00eb nj\u00eb met\u00ebr njer\u00ebzor prej\u00a0Homo Sapiens\u00a0<\/em>(aft\u00ebsi abstragimi, imagjinimi, kreativiteti), jo nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb absolute superioriteti. Neandertal\u00ebt nuk qen\u00eb kuazinjer\u00ebz, nuk qen\u00eb nj\u00eb version i p\u00ebraf\u00ebrt me ne: qen\u00eb ndryshe, p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsonin nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb alternative s\u00eb qeni njer\u00ebz, s\u00eb qeni inteligjent\u00eb dhe t\u2019i p\u00ebrshtateshin bot\u00ebs. Kan\u00eb mbijetuar n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb planet p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 300 mij\u00ebvje\u00e7ar\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa ne duhet ende t\u00eb demonstorjm\u00eb se dijm\u00eb ta arrijm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb objektiv.<\/p>\n Por ka nj\u00eb detaj q\u00eb t\u00eb le pa fjal\u00eb (ose t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn q\u00eb na ka l\u00ebn\u00eb pa fjal\u00eb ne): versionin njer\u00ebzor t\u00eb protein\u00ebs s\u00eb kodifikuar nga ai gen \u2014\u00a0\u00a0dometh\u00ebn\u00eb rezultati i ndryshimit \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb ndryshe nga proteina korresponduese e Neandertalit prej nj\u00eb aminoacidi t\u00eb vet\u00ebm (nj\u00eb i vet\u00ebm!) prej 540 q\u00eb e p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb. \u00abPo sikur ky modifikim q\u00eb gjat\u00eb zhvillimit interferon n\u00eb nj\u00eb far\u00eb m\u00ebnyre me struktur\u00ebn dhe funksionin e trurit?\u00bb, kan\u00eb pyetur shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt. Nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht kan\u00eb menduar se zona ku ky ndryshim duhej t\u00eb ket\u00eb ndodhur \u2014 duke pranuar q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht k\u00ebshtu \u2014 nuk mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb neokorteksi (rajoni m\u00eb i jasht\u00ebm i korteksit cerebral, p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs i funksioneve njoh\u00ebse) q\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb diversifikuar tek t\u00eb gjith\u00eb gjitar\u00ebt duke u rritur n\u00eb dimensione dhe n\u00eb dend\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n Duke pranuar se gj\u00ebrat jan\u00eb k\u00ebshtu, ky do t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb avantazh q\u00eb evolucioni n\u00eb nj\u00eb moment t\u00eb caktuar ia ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb\u00a0Homo Sapiens\u00a0<\/em>respektivisht specieve t\u00eb tjera. Pra mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb pistoleta e tymosur, prova e sakt\u00eb e unicitetit njer\u00ebzor q\u00eb shum\u00eb po k\u00ebrkonin prej dekadash, por si ta demonstroje? Si gj\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb hulumtuesit kan\u00eb provuar ta fusin versionin njer\u00ebzor t\u00eb TKTL1 n\u00eb trurin e embrioneve t\u00eb minjve e qelb\u00ebsave dhe ka qen\u00eb emocionuese t\u00eb kuptohej se k\u00ebto embrione t\u00eb modifikuara kishin m\u00eb shum\u00eb pararend\u00ebs neural\u00eb sesa nuk kishin kafsh\u00ebt normale e p\u00ebrdorura si kontroll i eksperimentit. Kush ishte kritik (dhe ka pasur gjithmon\u00eb shum\u00eb kur zbulon di\u00e7ka t\u00eb re, t\u00eb papritur apo trondit\u00ebse, si n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast) ka filluar t\u00eb thot\u00eb se minjt\u00eb dhe qelb\u00ebsat nuk jan\u00eb njer\u00ebzor\u00eb dhe se n\u00eb vet\u00ebvete ky eksperiment nuk mund t\u00eb demonstronte se ndryshimi i protein\u00ebs s\u00eb kodifikuar nga TKTL1 mjaftonte ta b\u00ebnte njeriun m\u00eb modern m\u00eb inteligjent se Nenadertal\u00ebt.<\/p>\n Por ata t\u00eb Max Planck dhe koleg\u00ebt e tyre t\u00eb Drezdenit nuk jan\u00eb shkurajuar, pasi e dinin mir\u00eb se jan\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht qelizat pararend\u00ebse e glias radikale t\u00eb jashtme p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebset e ekspansionit dhe t\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebs s\u00eb neokorteksit. Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, dihet prej koh\u00ebsh se kapacitetet e fuqishme njoh\u00ebse e qenieve njer\u00ebzore, n\u00eb raportohen me ato shimpanzeve dhe t\u00eb bonobove p\u00ebr shembull varen nga arkitektura e neokorteksit dhe n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti nga numri dhe funksioni i neuroneve. K\u00ebshtu ata hulumtues kan\u00eb inxhinierizuar neokorteksin e fetuseve njer\u00ebzore n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb ta shuaj\u00eb genin TKTL1 dhe kan\u00eb zbuluar se tesuti fetal njer\u00ebzor kaq i modifikuar formohej n\u00eb nj\u00eb moment t\u00eb par\u00eb m\u00eb pak pararend\u00ebs neural\u00eb dhe pastaj m\u00eb pak neuron\u00eb se ai q\u00eb ndodh normalisht, por nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb rast\u00ebsish\u00ebm: kan\u00eb krijuar edhe organoid\u00eb \u2014 replika n\u00eb miniatur\u00eb organesh dhe teksturash njer\u00ebzore \u2014 me qeliza t\u00eb neokorteksit cerebral njer\u00ebzor. Organoid\u00ebt mbahen me qeliza staminale q\u00eb jan\u00eb futur t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb shum\u00ebfuqishme her\u00ebt a von\u00eb b\u00ebhen t\u00eb afta t\u00eb formojn\u00eb \u00e7do qeliz\u00eb t\u00eb organizmit ton\u00eb, n\u00ebse i n\u00ebnshtrohen rregullimeve t\u00eb caktuara n\u00eb laborator.<\/p>\n N\u00eb qelizat staminale t\u00eb shum\u00ebfuqishme, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet\u00a0genome editing<\/em>, kan\u00eb futur versionin ancestral t\u00eb genit TKTL1, at\u00eb t\u00eb Neandertalit p\u00ebr t\u2019u kuptuar, dhe nga k\u00ebto qeliza kan\u00eb rrjedhur organoid\u00ebt cerebral\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, rezultati nuk ndryshon: k\u00ebto organoid\u00eb apo minitru t\u00eb \u00abneandertalizuar\u00bb si\u00e7 i thon\u00eb hulumtuesit, gjeneronin n\u00eb nj\u00eb moment t\u00eb par\u00eb m\u00eb pak pararend\u00ebs neural\u00eb dhe pastaj m\u00eb pak neuronte se ato t\u00eb\u00a0Homo Sapiens<\/em>. Ky rezultat elegant \u00ebsht\u00eb ende m\u00eb surprizues n\u00ebse konsiderohet se prej koh\u00ebsh t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat paleontologjike e siguruar nga kockat e kafk\u00ebs sugjerojn\u00eb se Nenadertal\u00ebt kishin nj\u00eb v\u00ebllim truri t\u00eb krahasuesh\u00ebm me at\u00eb t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve modern\u00eb, n\u00eb mos pak m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb po t\u00eb kihet parasysh trupi i tyre. Pra diferenca nuk ishte tek v\u00ebllimi, por tek prodhimi i neuroneve neokorteksor\u00eb dhe n\u00eb organizimin e brendsh\u00ebm t\u00eb trurit, q\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb njohur nuk l\u00ebn\u00eb gjurm\u00eb fosile. M\u00ebnyra e vetme p\u00ebr t\u00eb pajtuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat \u00ebsht\u00eb pra t\u00eb hipotezohet se neokorteksi i\u00a0Homo Sapiens\u00a0<\/em>\u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb dendur apo eventualisht zgjerohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb porcion m\u00eb t\u00eb madh t\u00eb trurit. K\u00ebt\u00eb informacion nuk e kemi akoma, por shpejt do ta kemi.<\/p>\n Me pak fjal\u00eb, duket se kuptohet q\u00eb nj\u00eb ndryshim i vog\u00ebl, i ndodhur rast\u00ebsisht, n\u00eb nj\u00eb aminoacid t\u00eb vet\u00ebm t\u00eb protein\u00ebs ka shkaktuar pasoja t\u00eb konsiderueshme: lobi ballor i njer\u00ebzve modern\u00eb gjat\u00eb procesit t\u00eb zhvillimit ka filluar t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbaj\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb neurone se ai i Neandertal\u00ebve. Ky aminoacid \u00ebsht\u00eb argjinina, e pranishme n\u00eb protein\u00ebn e kodifikuar nga TKTL1 praktikisht n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha qeniet njer\u00ebzore moderne, por jo tek hominid\u00ebt q\u00eb jan\u00eb zhdukur. Neandertali dhe Denisova, shimipanzet\u00eb, gorillat dhe t\u00eb gjith\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt kan\u00eb nj\u00eb lizin\u00eb, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb argjinin\u00ebs, n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin pozicion t\u00eb s\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebs protein\u00eb. Ka q\u00eb jan\u00eb ende skeptik\u00eb (si gjithmon\u00eb). Jemi t\u00eb sigurt\u00eb se qelizat e organoidit, at\u00eb q\u00eb vijn\u00eb nga qeliza staminale t\u00eb futura q\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb shum\u00ebfuqishme, jan\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht si ato t\u00eb trurit ton\u00eb? Jo vet\u00ebm, krahasimi midis genom\u00ebs s\u00eb Neandertalit dhe asaj t\u00eb njeriut modern \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb deri m\u00eb tani tek europian\u00ebt: mund t\u00eb mos jet\u00eb q\u00eb popullsit\u00eb moderne nga pjes\u00eb t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb bot\u00ebs kan\u00eb ruajtur ndryshimin e Neandertalit?<\/p>\n Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb kaq e leht\u00eb t\u2019i p\u00ebrgjigjesh k\u00ebsaj pyetjeje, pasi versioni arkaik i TKTL1 \u00ebsht\u00eb i rrall\u00eb tek njer\u00ebzit e sot\u00ebm dhe nuk ka d\u00ebshmi se mund t\u00eb shkaktoj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje apo difekte njoh\u00ebse. P\u00ebr momentin hulumtuesit e Max Planck po e p\u00ebrballojn\u00eb problemin n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb tjet\u00ebr: duan t\u2019i modifikojn\u00eb genetikisht minj dhe qelb\u00ebsa me formon njer\u00ebzore t\u00eb genit dhe ta studiojn\u00eb sjelljen e tyre duke e krahasuar me at\u00eb t\u00eb kafsh\u00ebve q\u00eb shprehin n\u00eb fakt form\u00ebn st\u00ebrgjyshore t\u00eb genit, at\u00eb t\u00eb Neandertalit. N\u00ebse p\u00ebrve\u00e7 pasjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb korteksi ndryshe, k\u00ebta minj t\u00eb kishin edhe nj\u00eb sjellje ndryshe, do t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb prov\u00eb robuste e raportit midis ndryshimit dhe sjelljes. Kush ka pasur durimin t\u00eb na ndjek\u00eb deri k\u00ebtu mund t\u00eb pyes\u00eb cila \u00ebsht\u00eb ar\u00ebsyeja p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn nj\u00eb modifikim genetik kaq minimal modifikon nl m\u00ebnyr\u00eb kaq t\u00eb thell\u00eb korteksin kortikal. N\u00eb shkenc\u00eb duhet kuptuar gjithmon\u00eb edhe mekanizmi i fenomenit t\u00eb v\u00ebrejtur. Geni TKTL1 i kodifikuar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb protein\u00eb, nj\u00eb enzim\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb sakt\u00eb, q\u00eb ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me rrug\u00ebn metabolkike t\u00eb fosfatit pentoz, i aft\u00eb t\u00eb gjeneroj\u00eb acetil \u2013 koenzim\u00eb A, nga ana e saj e p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb sintez\u00ebn e acideve t\u00eb trasha dhe hulumtuesit e Max Planck kan\u00eb arritur t\u00eb demonstrojn\u00eb se vet\u00ebm TKTL1 njer\u00ebzore, por jo ajo arkaike, \u00ebsht\u00eb e aft\u00eb ta rris\u00eb sasin\u00eb e acetil-CoA tek pararend\u00ebsit neuronal\u00eb.<\/p>\n Ja me \u00e7do probabilitet \u00ebsht\u00eb shpjeguar pse \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm versioni njer\u00ebzor i TKTL1 q\u00eb i b\u00ebn t\u00eb shtojn\u00eb pararend\u00ebsit neuronal\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u2019u zhvilluar si\u00e7 duhet dhe to formojn\u00eb zgjatjet karakteristike q\u00eb i lidhin nj\u00ebri me tjetrin kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb madhe acidesh t\u00eb trasha.\u00a0Shum\u00eb mbesin dyshues ndaj ides\u00eb se nj\u00eb ndryshim i vet\u00ebm mund t\u00eb shpjegoj\u00eb unicitetin evolutiv e\u00a0Homo Sapiens<\/em>, por ka t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb q\u00eb ajo argjinin\u00eb n\u00eb vend t\u00eb nj\u00eb lizine ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb ingredient thelb\u00ebsor n\u00eb recet\u00ebn komplekse t\u00eb specificitetit ton\u00eb. Nj\u00eb diferenc\u00eb e vog\u00ebl q\u00eb ka b\u00ebr\u00eb diferenc\u00ebn. Pastaj, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebrjashtuar q\u00eb efektet kaskad\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtij ndryshimi mbi sjelljen, gjuh\u00ebn dhe organizimin social mund t\u00eb shpjegojn\u00eb se pse\u00a0Homo Sapiens\u00a0<\/em>duke dal\u00eb nga Afrika, pasi ka bashk\u00ebjetuar dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb hibriduar me Neandertal\u00ebt dhe Denisovat n\u00eb Eurazi, pra n\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb ekuilibri demografik t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm, i ka z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar n\u00eb kohra m\u00eb t\u00eb vonshme, duke mbetur specia e vetme e mbijetuar e gjinis\u00eb\u00a0Homo\u00a0<\/em>mbi Tok\u00eb nga 40000 vite e k\u00ebtej.<\/p>\n Gjith\u00e7ka k\u00ebtu? Nuk e dijm\u00eb, por \u00ebsht\u00eb e besueshme q\u00eb mekanizmi n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e aft\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb TKTL1 njer\u00ebzor p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontribuar ndaj zhvillimit t\u00eb neokorteksit t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb gur i enigm\u00ebs dhe ka p\u00ebrshpejtuar tek specia jon\u00eb evolucionin e atyre karaktereve q\u00eb na kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebta q\u00eb jemi: aft\u00ebsin\u00eb e t\u00eb folur p\u00ebr gj\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb dhe pasta kureshtjen, kreativitetin, t\u00eb qenit kafsh\u00eb sociale t\u00eb afta, thuajse gjithmon\u00eb, ta kontrollojm\u00eb agresivitetin dhe t\u00eb jetojm\u00eb n\u00eb grup, deri sa t\u00eb arrijm\u00eb n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri t\u00eb organizuara. Pra, ndohta pa k\u00ebt\u00eb argjinin\u00eb q\u00eb ka z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar lizin\u00ebn e Neandertal\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb shimpanzeve nuk do t\u00eb kishim pasur filozof\u00ebt dhe potet\u00ebt, nuk do t\u00eb kishim pasur Mozartin, por as Darvinin dhe Ajnshtajnin.<\/p>\n (nga\u00a0La Lettura<\/em>)<\/strong><\/p>\n P\u00ebrgatiti<\/strong><\/p>\n ARMIN TIRANA<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Si jemi b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebta q\u00eb jemi? Si jemi evoluar p\u00ebr t\u2019u b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb aft\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb q\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb, t\u00eb flasim, t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtojm\u00eb shoq\u00ebri? Pra: pse jemi b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm nga kush\u00ebrinjt\u00eb tan\u00eb, Neandertal\u00ebt, por edhe nga shimpanzet\u00eb dhe bonobot? P\u00ebrgjigja, e bujshme, e ka zbuluar nj\u00eb ekip n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin b\u00ebn pjes\u00eb Svante P\u00e4\u00e4bo, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":36744,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36743","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-kulture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36743","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36743"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36743\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36744"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36743"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36743"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36743"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}