{"id":36875,"date":"2023-02-10T10:35:43","date_gmt":"2023-02-10T10:35:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/?p=36875"},"modified":"2023-02-10T10:35:43","modified_gmt":"2023-02-10T10:35:43","slug":"proceset-ndaj-historise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/2023\/02\/10\/proceset-ndaj-historise\/","title":{"rendered":"Proceset ndaj historis\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Pas vendimeve t\u00eb Nyrembergut kund\u00ebr hierark\u00ebve nazist\u00eb, n\u00eb shum\u00eb raste t\u00eb tjera lider\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm kan\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar prapa hekurave p\u00ebrpara tribunaleve komb\u00ebtare apo nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. Nd\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb njohurit, argjentinasi Videla, serb\u00ebt Milloshevi\u00e7 e Karaxhi\u00e7, irakeni Saddam Hussein.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr sa i konsideruar shpesh si shembullimi i \u00abdrejt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb fitimtar\u00ebve\u00bb, procesi i Nyrembergut inauguron nj\u00eb faz\u00eb t\u00eb re historike, at\u00eb ku krer\u00ebt e qeverive, ministrat, gjeneral\u00ebt dhe hierark\u00ebt e lart\u00eb i n\u00ebnshtrohen gjykimit me kritere t\u00eb mjaftueshme garancie q\u00eb t\u00eb mund t\u00eb flasin p\u00ebr procese t\u00eb \u00abdrejta\u00bb. N\u00eb Nyremberg, midis 11 t\u00eb d\u00ebnuarve me vdekje n\u00eb procesin kryesor t\u00eb filluar n\u00eb n\u00ebntorin e 1945, qen\u00eb drejtues t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebnin zemr\u00ebn e pushtetit nazist, por jo Hitler, Goebbels dhe Himmler q\u00eb qen\u00eb vet\u00ebvrar\u00eb pak p\u00ebrpara procesit, si\u00e7 b\u00ebri G\u00f6ring p\u00ebrpara ekzekutimit t\u00eb d\u00ebnimit, i kryer m\u00eb 16 tetor 1946. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, n\u00eb Itali Mussolini nuk u procesua, por u vra me vendim t\u00eb komand\u00ebs s\u00eb unifikuar partizane.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb tribunalin tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb pasLuft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, at\u00eb t\u00eb Tokios, gjenerali Yamashita Tomoyuki, q\u00eb kishte pushtuar me nj\u00eb brutalitet t\u00eb pashoq Filipinet, u var m\u00eb 23 shkurt t\u00eb 1946. N\u00eb procesin kryesor, t\u00eb filluar n\u00eb majin e 1946 dhe t\u00eb zgjatur mbi dy vjet, qen\u00eb kryeministra dhe ministri i Jasht\u00ebm (Tojo Hideki e Hirota Koki), q\u00eb u ekzekutuan n\u00eb dhjetorin e 1948. N\u00eb korrikun e 1945 ksihte filluar n\u00eb Paris, p\u00ebrpara nj\u00eb turme t\u00eb madhe, procesi p\u00ebr tradh\u00ebti n\u00eb ngarkim t\u00eb Philippe P\u00e9tain, hero i Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore dhe n\u00eb krye t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb kolaboracioniste t\u00eb Vichy midis viteve 1940 e 1944. I d\u00ebnuar me vdekje n\u00eb mesin e gushtit me nj\u00eb vot\u00eb prej 14 pro me 13 kund\u00ebr (dhe 3 abstenues), juria k\u00ebrkoi q\u00eb duke pasur parasysh mosh\u00ebn e t\u00eb d\u00ebnuarit (89 vje\u00e7are), d\u00ebnimi t\u00eb mos ekzekutohej. P\u00e9tain do t\u00eb vdes\u00eb m\u00eb 1951 n\u00eb ishullin Yeu. T\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebnuar t\u00eb famsh\u00ebm n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn menj\u00ebher\u00eb pasLuft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore qen\u00eb kryeministri i nj\u00eb qeverie kukull n\u00eb Norvegji, Vidkun Quisling (emri i t\u00eb cilit u b\u00eb sinonim i tradh\u00ebtarit dhe kolaboracionistit n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn), u pushkatua n\u00eb fundin e tetorit 1945; gjenerali Drazha Mihajlovi\u00e7, kreu i formacioneve partizane \u00e7etnike, i pushkatua p\u00ebr tradh\u00ebti nga Tito n\u00eb korrikun e 1946; diktatori rumun Ion Antonescu, u ekzekutua n\u00eb qershorin e 1946.<\/p>\n<p>U desh\u00ebn t\u00eb kalonin disa dekada p\u00ebrpara se nj\u00eb kryetar qeverie t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundonte n\u00ebn proces n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjykat\u00eb. N\u00eb 1985, dy vite pas rikthimit t\u00eb demokracis\u00eb, Argjentina \u00e7oi prapa hekurave junt\u00ebn ushtarake q\u00eb kishte drejtuar vendin n\u00eb\u00a0guerra sucia\u00a0(luft\u00ebn e pist\u00eb)\u00a0t\u00eb periudh\u00ebs 1976 \u2013 1983, e karakterizuar nga vrasje, rr\u00ebmbime, tortura masive, dhjet\u00ebra mij\u00ebra\u00a0desaparecidos. Jorge Videla, gjenerali president i Argjentin\u00ebs deri m\u00eb 1981, mori dy d\u00ebnime t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetshme, por n\u00eb vitin 1990 siguroi faljen nga presidenti Menem,\u00a0e gjykuar jokushtetuese n\u00eb vitin\u00a02007.<\/p>\n<p>I d\u00ebnuar s\u00ebrish n\u00eb 2010, ka q\u00ebndruar n\u00eb burgun federal t\u00eb Marcos Paz nga viti 2007 deri kur vdiq m\u00eb 2013. Kan\u00eb qen\u00eb dy tribunale nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb krijuar n\u00eb mesin e viteve \u201990, ai p\u00ebr ish Jugosllavin\u00eb dhe ai p\u00ebr Ruand\u00ebn, ato q\u00eb i kan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb legjitimitet d\u00ebnimit t\u00eb krer\u00ebve t\u00eb shteteve p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr krime t\u00eb r\u00ebnda. I d\u00ebnuari m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i tribunalit p\u00ebr ish Jugosllavin\u00eb qe presidenti serb Sllobodan Milloshevi\u00e7, procesi i t\u00eb cilit e pati fillimin n\u00eb 2002. I pari kryetar shteti q\u00eb procesohej p\u00ebr krime lufte, krime kund\u00ebr njer\u00ebzimit dhe geoncid, vdiq n\u00eb mbajtje p\u00ebrpara se procesi t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundonte, n\u00eb vitin 2006. Faktikisht u d\u00ebnuan Radovan Karaxhi\u00e7, president i Republik\u00ebs Srpska t\u00eb Bosnje Hercegovin\u00ebs, i arrestuar n\u00eb 2008, pas 12 vitesh n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim dhe i d\u00ebnuar me 40 vjet n\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb dhe me burgim t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetsh\u00ebm n\u00eb apelin e 2019; dhe gjenerali Ratko Mladi\u00e7, \u00abkasapi i Srebrenic\u00ebs\u00bb, i arrestuar n\u00eb 2011 dhe i d\u00ebnuar me burgim t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n<p>International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, q\u00eb procesoi gjith\u00ebsej 93 raste, \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb n\u00eb 1997 me Jean Kambanda, ish kryeminist\u00ebr midis 9 prillit dhe 19 korrikut 1994, periudha m\u00eb tragjike e represionit kund\u00ebr etnis\u00eb tutsi q\u00eb shkaktoi n\u00eb 3 muaj rreth 1 milion viktima. Kambanda \u00ebsht\u00eb d\u00ebnuar n\u00eb shtatorin e 1998 me burgim t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetsh\u00ebm, i pari q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb d\u00ebnuar p\u00ebr genocid. Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr president, kiliani Augusto Pinochet, u arrestua n\u00eb tetorin e 1998 n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr dhe u b\u00eb nj\u00eb rast i bujsh\u00ebm i drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoi me refuzimin e gjykat\u00ebsve anglez\u00eb p\u00ebr ta ekstraduar n\u00eb at\u00eb Spanj\u00eb q\u00eb mendonte se kishte juridiksionin p\u00ebr ta procesuar p\u00ebr krimet e kryera kund\u00ebr qytetar\u00ebve t\u00eb tij. N\u00eb rikthimin e tij n\u00eb Kili, Pinochet \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb shum\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00ebn proces dhe arrestime sht\u00ebpijake, por vdiq n\u00eb dhjetorin e 2006 pa marr\u00eb asnj\u00eb d\u00ebnim.<\/p>\n<p>Me shekullin e XXI jan\u00eb shtuar rastet e p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00ebn akuz\u00eb krer\u00ebt e shteteve e t\u00eb qeverive, n\u00eb disa raste p\u00ebr ngjarje t\u00eb m\u00ebparshme, si tribunali i Timorit Lindor, q\u00eb ka mbajtur 55 procese t\u00eb mira kund\u00ebr pilitikan\u00ebve dhe ushtarak\u00ebve indonezian\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr aneksimin e dhunsh\u00ebm t\u00eb 1975 e t\u00eb krimeve t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme kund\u00ebr civil\u00ebve. Midis viteve 2002 e 2012 ka qen\u00eb n\u00eb funksionim Tribunali Special p\u00ebr Sierra Leonen, q\u00eb ka gjykuar ish presidentin e Liberis\u00eb Charles Taylor, p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr krime lufte dhe kund\u00ebr njer\u00ebzimit, ish kreu i par\u00eb i shtetit i d\u00ebnuar nga nj\u00eb tribunal nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar (me 50 vite burg). N\u00eb janarin e 2012 ish presidenti i Guatemal\u00ebs Efrain Rios Montt u akuzua p\u00ebr vrasjen e mij\u00ebra qytetar\u00ebve maja midis marsit 1982 dhe gushtit 1983. \u00cbsht\u00eb d\u00ebnuar m\u00eb 2013 me 80 vite burg p\u00ebr geoncid dhe krime kund\u00ebr njer\u00ebzimit, por gjykata kushtetuese m\u00eb pas e ka anulluar vendimin p\u00ebr nj\u00eb difekt forme, megjith\u00ebse duke i njohur si t\u00eb bazuara akuzat. I vendosur i akuzuari n\u00eb arrest sht\u00ebpie, procesi i ri ka nisur m\u00eb 2015,, por \u00ebsht\u00eb azhurnuar vazhdimisht. Rios Montt ka vdekur n\u00eb 2018 pa vuajtur kurr\u00eb asnj\u00eb d\u00ebnim.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebse k\u00ebto jan\u00eb rastet m\u00eb t\u00eb bujshme, kan\u00eb ekzistuar shum\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb kujtohen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb sintetike. N\u00eb vitin 2006 Saddam Hussein \u00ebsht\u00eb d\u00ebnuar nga gjykata e lart\u00eb e Irakut p\u00ebr vrasjen e rreth 5000 kurd\u00ebve me gaz n\u00eb Halabja n\u00eb 1998 dhe pse ka pushtuar Kuvajtin n\u00eb 1990. N\u00eb vitin 2005 ishte arrestuar n\u00eb Kili ish presidenti i Perus\u00eb Alberto Fujimori, i ekstraduar dhe i d\u00ebnuar m\u00eb 2009 me 25 vite burg pse ka rr\u00ebmbyer dhe vrar\u00eb civil\u00eb t\u00eb shumt\u00eb. N\u00eb vitin 2017 merr faljen e presidentit, por n\u00eb 2021 procesohet s\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr sterilizimin e detyruar t\u00eb grave indigjene. T\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb akuzuar, n\u00eb procese komb\u00ebtare, kan\u00eb qen\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebskryeministri i Kenias Uhuru Kenyatta n\u00eb 2011 p\u00ebr krime kund\u00ebr njer\u00ebzimit, presidenti tunizian Ben Ali, q\u00eb vdes n\u00eb m\u00ebrgim, presidenti egjiptian Hosni Mubarak, i d\u00ebnuar n\u00eb 2012 me burgim t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetsh\u00ebm dhe i liruar n\u00eb 2017.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb vitin 2021 vdes n\u00eb burg Hiss\u00e8ne Habr\u00e9, ish president i \u00c7adit, i d\u00ebnuar me burgim t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetsh\u00ebm n\u00eb 2016 p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdhunim, skllav\u00ebri seksuale dhe vrasje. Gjykata Penale Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, q\u00eb i filloi punimet e saj n\u00eb 2002, inkriminon krer\u00eb t\u00eb shumt\u00eb shtetesh, edhe pse garantizmi dhe rregullat e saj q\u00eb e pengojn\u00eb shpesh t\u00eb mund t\u00eb l\u00ebviz\u00eb pa ndihm\u00ebn e shteteve e b\u00ebjn\u00eb problematike mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e \u00e7uarjes prapa hekurave k\u00eb ka qen\u00eb apo \u00ebsht\u00eb ende n\u00eb pushtet: z\u00ebvend\u00ebspresidenti i Republik\u00ebs Demokratike t\u00eb Kongos Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo arrestohet n\u00eb vitin 2008, d\u00ebnohet me 18 vjet n\u00eb 2016, por m\u00eb pas lirohet n\u00eb apel; n\u00eb vitin 2009 akuzohet presidenti i Sudanit Omar al-Bashir, q\u00eb p\u00ebrmbyset nga grusht shteti ushtarak 10 vite m\u00eb pas, duke i hapur ndoshta rrug\u00ebn nj\u00eb procesi t\u00eb tij; n\u00eb vitin 2011 \u00ebsht\u00eb radha e liderit libian Muammar Gheddafi, q\u00eb do t\u00eb vritet muaj m\u00eb pas nga kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebt e tij. N\u00eb vitin 2016 nis procesi kund\u00ebr ish presidentit t\u00eb Bregut t\u00eb Fildisht\u00eb Laurent Gbagbo p\u00ebr krime kund\u00ebr njer\u00ebzimit t\u00eb kryera n\u00eb 2010, por n\u00eb 2019 lirohet dhe n\u00eb 2021 Dhoma e Apelit e Gjykat\u00ebs Penale Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare e konfirmon vendimin.<\/p>\n<p>(nga\u00a0Geopoliticus)<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u00ebrgatiti<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Armin Tirana<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pas vendimeve t\u00eb Nyrembergut kund\u00ebr hierark\u00ebve nazist\u00eb, n\u00eb shum\u00eb raste t\u00eb tjera lider\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm kan\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar prapa hekurave p\u00ebrpara tribunaleve komb\u00ebtare apo nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. Nd\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb njohurit, argjentinasi Videla, serb\u00ebt Milloshevi\u00e7 e Karaxhi\u00e7, irakeni Saddam Hussein. P\u00ebr sa i konsideruar shpesh si shembullimi i \u00abdrejt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb fitimtar\u00ebve\u00bb, procesi i Nyrembergut inauguron nj\u00eb &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":36876,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36875","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-kulture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36875","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36875"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36875\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36876"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36875"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36875"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36875"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}