{"id":46195,"date":"2023-05-17T08:41:50","date_gmt":"2023-05-17T08:41:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/?p=46195"},"modified":"2023-05-17T08:41:50","modified_gmt":"2023-05-17T08:41:50","slug":"pazari-i-mire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/2023\/05\/17\/pazari-i-mire\/","title":{"rendered":"Pazari i mir\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Leksioni i madh i Richard Cobden dhe shkolla e tij e Manchester: m\u00eb pak politik\u00eb dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb shk\u00ebmbim t\u00eb lir\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu nd\u00ebrtohet paqja midis kombeve.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201cShkolla e Manchester\u201d. \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb formul\u00eb q\u00eb e p\u00ebrdor p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb Benjamin Disraeli. Qeveria e konservatorit S\u00ebr Robert Peel ka ndryshuar pozicion mbi tarifat e grurit, po p\u00ebrgatitet t\u2019i abrogoj\u00eb. Peronospora e patates ka shkaktuar at\u00eb zi buke, q\u00eb n\u00eb Irland\u00eb do t\u2019u kushtoj\u00eb jet\u00ebn 1 milion njer\u00ebzve (n\u00eb nj\u00eb popullsi prej 8 milion\u00ebsh). Gjat\u00eb viteve, Peel po afrohet n\u00eb pozicione m\u00eb shum\u00eb shk\u00ebmbyese t\u00eb lira. Partit\u00eb jan\u00eb ende koalicione interesasj ku v\u00ebrejn\u00eb pak programet koherente: n\u00eb vitet \u201920 t\u00eb \u2018800, tor\u00ebt kishin reduktuar barrierat doganore, p\u00ebrve\u00e7se n\u00eb bujq\u00ebsi.baza e tyre e konsensusit \u00ebsht pron\u00ebsia e madhe e tok\u00ebs. Pronar\u00ebt tok\u00ebsore jan\u00eb, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb apo thuajse, parlamentar\u00ebt e tyre. K\u00ebshtu, mbi grunoret \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb fuqi nj\u00eb tarif\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u kaluar: objektivi \u00ebsht\u00eb ai i ruajtjes konstante t\u00eb \u00e7mimeve dhe t\u00eb disponueshm\u00ebris\u00eb, duke penguar importet e drith\u00ebrave n\u00ebse nuk tejkalohet nj\u00eb \u00e7mim i caktuar p\u00ebr prodhimin e brendsh\u00ebm. Faktikisht hidhet r\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb ingranazhet e tregut. Drama irlandeze imponon nj\u00eb ndryshim hapi. P\u00ebr sa \u00ebsht\u00eb djali i nj\u00eb letrari sefardit, Disraeli thekson se zemra e tij ka luftuar gjithmon\u00eb p\u00ebr interesat tok\u00ebsore, garant\u00ebt e stabilitetit, vler\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore konservatore. V\u00ebrtet nj\u00eb qeveri shprehje e dijes t\u00eb lasht\u00eb politike t\u00eb tor\u00ebve, insinuon kryeministri i ardhsh\u00ebm, mund t\u2019i n\u00ebnshtrohet nj\u00eb grupi ideolog\u00ebsh?<\/p>\n<p>Grupi i ideolog\u00ebve ishte pik\u00ebrisht \u201cshkolla e Manchester\u201d, shkoll\u00eb pa katedra, lumturisht e privuar nga kredencialet akademike, p\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr e p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb nga parlamentar\u00eb radikal\u00eb q\u00eb ulen n\u00eb bangot e opozit\u00ebs, keq t\u00eb p\u00ebrtypur nga vet\u00eb Whig. Eksponent\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb saj jan\u00eb industrialist\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb pasuri n\u00eb veriun e vendit. Krijojn\u00eb l\u00ebvizjen e par\u00eb <em>grassroot <\/em>e historis\u00eb s\u00eb demokracis\u00eb, nj\u00eb agjitacion \u201cnga posht\u00eb\u201d q\u00eb ndjehet nga jasht\u00eb parlamentit. \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb organizat\u00eb ideale e klasave t\u00eb mesme, q\u00eb nuk e ka bekimin e aristokracis\u00eb dhe as q\u00eb e k\u00ebrkon. Anti-Corn Law League financohet me donacione private, organizon mbledhje mij\u00ebra njer\u00ebzish, shp\u00ebrndan revist\u00ebn e saj n\u00eb qindramij\u00ebra kopje. Lideri i saj \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb orator anormal. Richard Cobden \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb eksentrik i politik\u00ebs. Pasi ka studiuar, deri n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 15 vje\u00e7are, n\u00eb nj\u00eb kolegj t\u00eb veriut t\u00eb Yorkshire q\u00eb ngjan me shum\u00eb me nj\u00eb sht\u00ebpi korrektimi sesa me nj\u00eb shkoll\u00eb, fillon t\u00eb punoj\u00eb si pun\u00ebtor n\u00eb magazin\u00ebn e nj\u00eb xhaxhai. I ati \u00ebsht\u00eb pak i prirur p\u00ebr biznes. N\u00ebna vdes kur Richard \u00ebsht\u00eb 21 vje\u00e7, duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb faktikisht kreu i familjes. \u00cbsht\u00eb at\u00ebhere q\u00eb nj\u00eb xhaxha e promovon si p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues treg\u00ebtar. Puna i rezulton p\u00ebr mrekulli. Shkruan biografi i tij, John Morley: \u201cPamja q\u00eb e b\u00ebnte jet\u00eb prej nomadi kaq t\u00eb pranueshme p\u00ebr Cobden ishte k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsia q\u00eb i ofronte pasioni i tij kryesor, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb d\u00ebshir\u00eb e pashuar e njohjes sesi po ecte bota\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Sa e njoh\u00ebn jan\u00eb \u201cdakord kur thon\u00eb se nuk e kishte njohur kurr\u00eb nj\u00eb njeri n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin ky tipar, nj\u00eb d\u00ebshir\u00eb e q\u00ebndrueshme dhe raciona\u00ebe e njohjes dhe e kujtimit, ishte aq e fort\u00eb dhe e pashtershme\u201d. N\u00eb vitin 1828, n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 24 vje\u00e7are, Cobden e gjen rrug\u00ebn e tij prej biznesmeni. Me dy ortak\u00eb, hap kompanin\u00ebe tij n\u00eb Manchester, kur do t\u00eb transferohet pastaj n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme. Qyteti \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201cCottonopolis\u201d. Marshon si lokomotiv\u00eb me avull: midis fundit t\u00eb \u2018700 dhe viteve \u201930 t\u00eb \u2018800, popullsia urbane \u00ebsht\u00eb pes\u00ebfishuar, nga 50000 n\u00eb 250000 njer\u00ebz. Duke filluar nga vitet \u201920, rreth gjysma e vler\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha eksporteve angleze ishte nga produktet e pambukut. Kalojn\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha apo thuajse nga Manchester.<\/p>\n<p>Kompania e Cobden operon n\u00eb partneritet me nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, m\u00eb e madhe, q\u00eb prodhon basma, copa pambuku mbi t\u00eb cilat vizatohen dizajne dhe motive t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta. Blejn\u00eb copa, i p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb mbi baz\u00ebn e indikacioneve t\u00eb nj\u00eb magazine n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr dhe i kurojn\u00eb, si t\u00eb thuash, daljen me pakic\u00eb. Jan\u00eb afera aspak t\u00eb lehta: tregu \u00ebsht\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht konkurrencia\u00eb dhe sh\u00ebrben hunda e udh\u00ebtarit t\u00eb treg\u00ebtis\u00eb, v\u00ebmendja n\u00eb qiell. Tre vite m\u00eb pas, Richard dhe ortak\u00ebt fillojn\u00eb edhe t\u00eb stampojn\u00eb direkt n\u00eb basme. Jan\u00eb t\u00eb zot. Shpjegon Anthony Howe, q\u00eb ia ka rind\u00ebrtuar me skrupolozitet korrespondenca dhe ditare, q\u00eb midis 1832 dhe 1839 Cobden b\u00ebhet \u201cnj\u00eb prej sukseseve m\u00eb t\u00eb njohur\u00a0 treg\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb Manchester\u201d. Gj\u00ebrat i ecin aq mir\u00eb sa q\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 30 vje\u00e7are \u00ebsht\u00eb financiarisht i pavarur mund t\u00eb merret me politik\u00eb, pa e humbur shijen e m\u00ebsimit duke udh\u00ebtuar, por me destinacione t\u00eb ndryshme: Franc\u00eb, Zvic\u00ebr, Greqi, shtetet gjermane, Levantin, pastaj Shtetet e Bashkuara, ku mb\u00ebrrin tashm\u00eb i bindur se \u201camerikan\u00ebt jan\u00eb populli m\u00eb i mir\u00eb, pasi kan\u00eb institucionet m\u00eb t\u00eb lira\u201d. I privuar nga ar\u00ebsimi universitar dhe i rritur larg nga qarqet elitare britanike, Cobden p\u00eblqen t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb, duke ju hapur me kureshti kulturave t\u00eb ndryshme dhe e b\u00ebn duke lexuar me pasionin gllab\u00ebrues t\u00eb nj\u00eb autodidakti. 20 vje\u00e7ar kishte \u00ebnd\u00ebrruar t\u00eb b\u00ebhej komediograf. M\u00eb pas do t\u00eb shkruaj\u00eb pamflete politike.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKishte nj\u00eb aft\u00ebsi jasht\u00ebzakonshm\u00ebrisht t\u00eb zhvilluar p\u00ebr t\u00eb aplikuar ar\u00ebsyetimin e politik\u00ebs konkrete\u201d, do t\u00eb shkruaj\u00eb historiani laburist A. J. P. Taylor, \u201cdhe karakteristika e tij m\u00eb e spikatur ishte ajo e \u201ct\u00eb mbeturit i ekuilibruar n\u00eb nj\u00eb bot\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7mendur\u201d\u201d. I riu Walter Bagehot, drejtori i ardhsh\u00ebm i \u201cThe Economist\u201d, bashk\u00eb me student\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb \u201ce ndiqte Cobden n\u00ebp\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Lond\u00ebrn p\u00ebr ta d\u00ebgjuar t\u00eb fliste \u00e7do her\u00eb q\u00eb ndodhej n\u00eb qytet\u201d. Cobden nuk kishte pasur formimin tipik t\u00eb nj\u00eb politikani anglet dhe substancialisht ishte autodidakt, por Bagehot ishte i sigurt\u00eb se, n\u00ebse edhe \u201coratoria e Cobden nuk kishte asgj\u00eb klasike\u201d, \u201cmjesht\u00ebri m\u00eb i madh i artit klasik t\u00eb retorik\u00ebs, Aristoteli, do t\u2019i vler\u00ebsonte diskutimet e tij\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Ky ar\u00ebsyetues i mrekulluesh\u00ebm hyn n\u00eb parlament n\u00eb 1837 dhe n\u00eb harkun e rreth 89 viteve e sheh kauz\u00ebn etijt\u00eb triumfoj\u00eb, i p\u00ebrqafuar nga nj\u00eb qeveri haptazi armiq\u00ebsore. Ai q\u00eb anullon Corn Laws \u00ebsht\u00eb kryeministri Peel, q\u00eb sakrifikon me shk\u00ebmbimin e lir\u00eb unitetin e partis\u00ebs\u00eb tij. Diskutimet e Cobden qen\u00eb pika q\u00eb kishte shpuar gurin. Anti-Corn Law League kishte lindur n\u00eb Manchester, por ishte zgjeruar me shpejt\u00ebsi n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb vendin. Motoja e tij ishte: buk\u00eb me \u00e7mim t\u00eb mir\u00eb. P\u00ebr kund\u00ebrshar\u00ebt, \u201ckapitalist\u00ebt\u201d e Manchester donin t\u00eb reduktonin presionin prej rritjes s\u00eb rrogave, duke ulur \u00e7mimin e buk\u00ebs. K\u00ebta njer\u00ebz t\u00eb biznesit, q\u00eb kurr\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb donin ta b\u00ebnin, p\u00ebrve\u00e7se p\u00ebr interesin e tyre? Cobden i num\u00ebron p\u00ebr vete q\u00eb t\u00eb thot\u00eb se e v\u00ebrteta i b\u00ebn keq, politika e thith n\u00eb pik\u00ebn sa ta l\u00ebr\u00eb kompanin\u00eb e v\u00ebllait me rezultate katastrofike. Pas abrogimit t\u00eb tarifave mbi grurin, miq dhe admirues do t\u00eb mbledhin p\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb majme, me paksa rishp\u00ebrblim p\u00ebr zd\u00ebrhalljet private q\u00eb kishte n\u00eb plan t\u00eb par\u00eb devocionin ndaj t\u00eb mir\u00ebs publike. P\u00ebrgjysm\u00eb do ta p\u00ebrdor\u00eb p\u00ebr ta ribler\u00eb fabrik\u00ebn ku ishte rritur, nga e cila familja ishte dashur t\u00eb ndahej p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb nj\u00eb prej p\u00ebrmbysjeve t\u00eb shumta t\u00eb destinuar fatit dhe gjysm\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr do ta investoj\u00eb n\u00eb aksione t\u00eb nj\u00eb hekurudhe amerikane. Admirues i Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara, kishte nuhatur se ishte p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb para, n\u00eb lidhjen e nj\u00eb vendi t\u00eb madh si kontinent. Vet\u00ebm se lufta civile e ndan m\u00eb dysh k\u00ebt\u00eb vend dhe me t\u00eb edhe binar\u00ebt q\u00eb e p\u00ebrshkojn\u00eb. Cobden nuk ishte kushedi m\u00eb i zoti n\u00eb artin e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb e kalkulimit politik. I kund\u00ebrvihet me gjith\u00eb veten luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Krimes\u00eb dhe fiton nj\u00eb ul\u00ebse. Ishte nj\u00eb njeri parimor dhe n\u00eb betejat e tij q\u00ebndronte me skrupolozitet.<\/p>\n<p>Ku qendronte interesi i kapitalist\u00ebve n\u00eb k\u00ebto parime? Cobden, Bright dhe nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e mir\u00eb e miqve t\u00eb tyre qen\u00eb t\u00eb bindur se nj\u00eb bot\u00eb e mbajtur nga logjika e konveniencave do t\u00eb ishte jo vet\u00ebm m\u00eb e begat\u00eb, por edhe m\u00eb e drejt\u00eb dhe m\u00eb paq\u00ebsore se ajo e njohur deri m\u00eb at\u00ebhere e njohur. I tyri \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb liberaliz\u00ebm i mbrujtur me ndjenja \u201cklasore\u201d: ndjehen n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb barrikad\u00ebs respektivisht nj\u00eb aristokracie q\u00eb e konsideron gjithmon\u00eb politik\u00ebn si gj\u00ebn\u00eb e saj dhe q\u00eb e b\u00ebn popullin mish p\u00ebr top n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb vagullimeve dinastike apo n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00eb ekspansioni territorial nga njer\u00ebzit e thjesht\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb fitojn\u00eb asgj\u00eb. Sistemi \u201cmbrojt\u00ebs\u201d mbron t\u00eb pak\u00ebtit n\u00eb kurrizin e t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve, \u00ebsht\u00eb shkaku\u00a0 i konflikteve dhe i ndarjeve klasore: konsumator\u00ebt q\u00eb kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr drith\u00ebra dhe paguajn\u00eb tarif\u00ebn, prodhuesit q\u00eb nga tarifa nxjerrin fitimin. \u201cBarbarit\u00eb e ndalimeve treg\u00ebtare n\u00eb fuqi n\u00eb atdheun e Adam Smithit\u201d, kishte v\u00ebrejtur 20 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb Benjamin Constant, tradh\u00ebton \u201cnj\u00eb konspiracion permanent t\u00eb klas\u00ebs s\u00eb fuqishme dhe t\u00eb pasur kund\u00ebr klas\u00ebs s\u00eb varf\u00ebr dhe pun\u00ebtore\u201d. Ta \u00e7lirojm\u00eb kampin e pasioneve t\u00eb vjetra aristokratike dhe t\u2019i l\u00ebm\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb interesit. Interesit t\u00eb kujt k\u00ebrkon q\u00eb ta p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsoj\u00eb situat\u00ebn e tij, duke lidhur marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie shk\u00ebmbimi me sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz t\u00eb mundur n\u00eb bot\u00eb. Libri i Cobden \u00ebsht\u00eb <em>Pasuria e kombeve<\/em>: ndarja e pun\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb e kufizuar nga zgjerimi i tregut. Duke zgjeruar cirkuitin e bashk\u00ebpunimit, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz dhe biznese t\u00eb mundshme, krijohen mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb reja specializimi.<\/p>\n<p>Tek <em>England, Ireland and America <\/em>(1835), Cobden (q\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb firmos \u201cA Manchester manufacturer\u201d) pyet se pse qytetet e m\u00ebdha t\u00eb Anglis\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb \u201cshoq\u00ebrit\u00eb e tyre smithiane\u201d, si\u00e7 kan\u00eb \u201cShoq\u00ebrin\u00eb Banksiane apo Shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb Linneane\u201d. N\u00eb shkencat e reja t\u00eb destinuara p\u00ebr ta ndryshuar bot\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb me shum\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb ekonomia politike dhe, p\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb, sjhr\u00ebbejn\u00eb shoqata t\u00eb \u201cdedikuara mbrojtjes s\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetave benefike t\u00eb pasuris\u00eb s\u00eb kombeve\u201d. \u00cbsht\u00eb kjo q\u00eb do t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb Anti-Corn Law League. Logjika e konveniencave i tejkalon konfliktet e rip\u00ebrq\u00ebndruara nga hijet kineze t\u00eb politik\u00ebs. \u201cBlerja n\u00eb treg me pazar m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb dhe shitja me \u00e7mim m\u00eb t\u00eb shtrenj\u00ebt: cila \u00ebsht\u00eb dometh\u00ebnia e k\u00ebsaj shprehjeje? Ajo n\u00ebnkupton t\u00eb kapet e mira q\u00eb keni me boll\u00ebk t\u00eb madh dhe me t\u00eb sigurohen nga t\u00eb tjer\u00eb ato q\u00eb kan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje p\u00ebr t\u00eb ofruar; n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, i jepen species njer\u00ebzore mjetet p\u00ebr t\u00eb g\u00ebzuar sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb boll\u00ebkun\u201d. \u00cbsht\u00eb ky nj\u00eb aspekt q\u00eb Disraeli e kap shum\u00eb mir\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Duke kritikuar shkoll\u00ebn e Manchester, t\u00eb atyre q\u00eb koh\u00ebt e fundit jan\u00eb konvertuar, ka t\u00eb papritur: shikoni se Cobden dhe t\u00eb tij\u00ebt theksojn\u00eb se tarifat armiq\u00ebsore e vendeve t\u00eb tjera mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjen me ting\u00ebllima importesh t\u00eb lira. Q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb si t\u00eb thuash se Cobden dhe t\u00eb tij\u00ebt theksojn\u00eb se ekonomia duhet ndar\u00eb nga politika: proteksionizm d\u00ebmton n\u00eb batut\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb k\u00eb e praktikon, pasi implikon nj\u00eb r\u00ebndim n\u00eb shpenzimet e konsumator\u00ebve, t\u00eb shtr\u00ebnguar q\u00eb t\u00eb paguajn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb mall t\u00eb caktuar p\u00ebr ar\u00ebsye t\u00eb nj\u00eb takse (tjet\u00ebr tarifat nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb). Se nj\u00eb sistem \u201cmbrojt\u00ebs\u201d arrin m\u00eb pak t\u2019u shkaktoj\u00eb nj\u00eb d\u00ebm bizneseve t\u00eb nj\u00eb vendi tjet\u00ebr, sigurisht q\u00eb d\u00ebmton konsumator\u00ebt e vendit \u201cproteksionist\u201d, i cili nuk b\u00ebn gj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr ve\u00e7se sposton resurse nga xhepat e tyre n\u00eb ato t\u00eb disa prodhuesve vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm t\u00eb favorizuar nga mbajt\u00ebsit <em>pro tempore<\/em> e pushtetit politik. Logjika e Cobden arrin akoma sot e papenetrueshme nga politika. Mendojm\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr iden\u00eb se sikur Shtetet e Bashkuara sbvencionojn\u00eb nj\u00eb seri prodhimesh p\u00ebr t\u00eb avantazhuar \u201ckampion\u00ebt komb\u00ebtar\u00eb\u201d t\u00eb tyre, ashtu edhe Bashkimi Europian duhet t\u00eb veproj\u00eb nj\u00eblloj. Konsumatorit europian (q\u00eb blen mallra konsumi apo mallra t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebm, pak ndryshon) ndoshta i vjen p\u00ebr mbar\u00eb t\u00eb blej\u00eb produkte realizimin e t\u00eb cilit vende t\u00eb tjera e kan\u00eb subvencionuar: patjet\u00ebr d\u00ebmton k\u00eb subvencionohet ky apo ai produkt europian. Ka nj\u00eb d\u00ebm t\u00eb dyfisht\u00eb: p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb, u hiqen parat\u00eb me tarifat, n\u00eb favor t\u00eb mallrave me cilat domosdoshm\u00ebrisht \u00ebsht\u00eb i interesuar. N\u00eb rastin kur \u00ebsht\u00eb, do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb paguaj\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7mim artificialisht m\u00eb i lart\u00eb se ai q\u00eb do t\u00eb kishte dal\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb tregu.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr nj\u00eb sezon t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr, at\u00eb t\u00eb viteve \u201940 t\u00eb \u2018800 ku fjal\u00ebt e Cobden g\u00ebrryen ide dhe pozicione politike t\u00eb konsoliduara, logjika e konveniencave duket se triumfojn\u00eb, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn n\u00eb Dhom\u00ebn e Komuneve. Cobden i vjen nj\u00eb popullaritet i jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm. P\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetet n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Europ\u00ebn, edhe n\u00eb Itali ku ioleksionon takime n\u00eb nivelin m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, nga Cavour tek Piu i IX, si njeriu q\u00eb jasht\u00eb parlamentit ka ditur t\u00eb fus\u00eb brenda tij nj\u00eb betej\u00eb p\u00ebr drejt\u00ebsi. E gjitha kjo prishet me luft\u00ebn e Krimes\u00eb. Shtresat industriale e mohojn\u00eb logjik\u00ebn e konveniencave p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndjekur nj\u00eb fyell shum\u00eb t\u00eb aft\u00eb t\u00eb politik\u00ebs, Lordin Palmerston. \u00cbsht\u00eb triumfi i logjik\u00ebs s\u00eb konfliktit, i nevoj\u00ebs krejt\u00ebsisht politike i fabrikimit t\u00eb armiqve, me p\u00ebrdorimin e k\u00ebtij apo atij kombi. Cobden e pranon humbjen: nuk mund t\u00eb ar\u00ebsyetohet, pranon ar\u00ebsyetuesi i madh, pas goditjes s\u00eb topit t\u00eb par\u00eb, opinioni publik (edhe ai m\u00eb i informuari, edhe ai m\u00eb i kulturuari, edhe ai m\u00eb liberali) g\u00ebzon kur e humbet kok\u00ebn. Njeri parimor, Cobden \u00ebsht\u00eb besniku i tyre si n\u00eb fatin e keq, ashtu edhe n\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb mirin. Disa vite m\u00eb pas, me bashk\u00ebpunimin e William Gladstone, at\u00ebbot\u00eb kancelar i Skakier\u00ebs, do t\u00eb shkoj\u00eb n\u00eb Franc\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb negociiuar nj\u00eb traktat treg\u00ebtar me Napoleonin e III. Logjika e konveniencave, e shk\u00ebmbimeve ekonomike dhe kulturore, fark\u00ebton lidhje t\u00eb reja, m\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme, q\u00eb shkojn\u00eb p\u00ebrtej kontigjenc\u00ebs s\u00eb aleancave politike. Anglia, q\u00eb p\u00ebr vite t\u00eb t\u00ebra kishte hedhur para n\u00eb fortifikime t\u00eb kota kund\u00ebr pushtimit nga jugu, m\u00ebson q\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebsoj\u00eb nga drejtimi i seaj europian. Miq\u00ebsia franko \u2013 angleze, q\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkoj\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb \u2018900, lind me aktivizmin e Cobden.<\/p>\n<p>(nga<em> Il Foglio<\/em>)<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u00ebrgatiti<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>ARMIN TIRANA<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Leksioni i madh i Richard Cobden dhe shkolla e tij e Manchester: m\u00eb pak politik\u00eb dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb shk\u00ebmbim t\u00eb lir\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu nd\u00ebrtohet paqja midis kombeve. \u201cShkolla e Manchester\u201d. \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb formul\u00eb q\u00eb e p\u00ebrdor p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb Benjamin Disraeli. Qeveria e konservatorit S\u00ebr Robert Peel ka ndryshuar pozicion mbi tarifat e grurit, po &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":46196,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-46195","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-kulture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46195","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46195"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46195\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/46196"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46195"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=46195"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=46195"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}