N\u00eb vitin 1989 sociologia amerikane Janet Abu-Lughod parashikoi se epoka e hegjemonis\u00eb per\u00ebndimore do t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohej nga rikthimi n\u00eb nj\u00eb \u201cekuilib\u00ebr relativ midis qendrave t\u00eb shum\u00ebfishta t\u00eb pushtetit, si\u00e7 kishte ndodhur n\u00eb sistemin bot\u00ebror e shekullit t\u00eb XIII\u201d.\u00a0\u00cbsht\u00eb ende shpejt p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb bilanc p\u00ebrfundimtar lidhur me fjal\u00ebt e saj. Megjithat\u00eb, duket se ka t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb q\u00eb gjeneratat e ardhshme do ta tregojn\u00eb luft\u00ebn aktuale ruso \u2013 ukrainase si nj\u00eb moment dometh\u00ebn\u00ebs n\u00eb procesin historik q\u00eb prej koh\u00ebsh sheh nj\u00eb spostim progresiv t\u00eb ekuilibrave t\u00eb pushtetit nga Per\u00ebndimi drejt Lindjes. Proceset e riekuilibrimit n\u00eb raportet e forcave globale shoq\u00ebrohen gjithmon\u00eb nga dhuna t\u00eb k\u00ebqija: e tashmja tragjike q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin miliona qenie njer\u00ebzore \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuptim e destinuar q\u00eb t\u00eb shtyhet n\u00eb koh\u00eb. Ekzistojn\u00eb megjithat\u00eb disa diferenca evidente respektivisht epokave t\u00eb kaluara. Duke filluar nga rritja eksponenciale t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb bot\u00ebrore \u2013 e dyfishuar midis 1969 dhe 2012 \u2013 duke kaluar n\u00ebp\u00ebr ndryshimet klimaterike, varf\u00ebrimin e biodiversitetit dhe p\u00ebrmbysjet e habitateve natyrale. Nuk b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb \u2013 si n\u00eb \u201cmjellm\u00ebn e zez\u00eb\u201d t\u00eb Nassim Nicholas Taleb \u2013 p\u00ebr ngjarje t\u00eb paponderueshme apo t\u00eb pamundura, por p\u00ebr procese tashm\u00eb n\u00eb veprim: do t\u00eb ken\u00eb nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb madh n\u00eb rip\u00ebrcaktimin e rendeve globale dhe t\u00eb qendrave t\u00eb pushtetit q\u00eb i n\u00ebnkuptojn\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e dobishme dhe oportune t\u2019u kuptohen rr\u00ebnj\u00ebt.<\/p>\n
Impakt dhe efekte<\/strong><\/p>\n Epoka gjeologjike q\u00eb po jetojm\u00eb p\u00ebr shum\u00eb njihet si Antropocen, nga greqishtja anthropos<\/em>,\u00a0njeri. Termi, q\u00eb t\u00eb sjell n\u00eb mendje er\u00ebn antropozoike e individualizuar nga Antonio Stoppani n\u00eb vitin 1873, synon q\u00eb t\u00eb n\u00ebnvizoj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn mjedisi tok\u00ebsor, n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsin\u00eb e karakteristikave fizike, kimike dhe biologjike t\u00eb tij, plazmohet nga efektet e veprimit njer\u00ebzor. Impakti i qenieve njer\u00ebzore n\u00eb raport me rritjen e p\u00ebrq\u00ebndrimit t\u00eb dioksidit t\u00eb karbonit CO2 (dhe CH4, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb metanit) n\u00eb atmosfer\u00eb \u2013 dhe paosjat e tij ndaj klim\u00ebs, sh\u00ebndetit dhe ekologjis\u00eb \u2013 tashm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb, t\u00eb mos ishte tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr fakti q\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cituar nj\u00eb studim t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb J\u00fcrgen Renn, p\u00ebrq\u00ebndrimi i dikosidit t\u00eb karbonit (CO2) n\u00eb atmosfer\u00eb ka njohur n\u00eb vitet e fundit nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtim \u201cndoshta 100 her\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb nga ai i hasur n\u00eb \u00e7do moment tjet\u00ebr i 420000 viteve t\u00eb m\u00ebparshme\u201d.<\/p>\n Megjithat\u00eb, koncepti i Antropocenit \u00ebsht\u00eb i p\u00ebraf\u00ebrt dhe n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe devijues. Faktikisht ekziston nj\u00eb problem i lidhur me disa shoq\u00ebri dhe disa ekonomi (t\u00eb dislokuara sidomos n\u00eb Europ\u00ebn Veriore, n\u00eb bregun atlantik e Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara dhe n\u00eb Kin\u00ebn Jugore): shumica d\u00ebrrmuese e pjes\u00ebs tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb bot\u00ebs dhe e banor\u00ebve q\u00eb e popullojn\u00eb kan\u00eb pak t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me shp\u00ebrndarjen e shkaqeve dhe dinamikave t\u00eb lidhura me Antropocenin, sikur t\u00eb mos ishte p\u00ebr faktin e p\u00ebsimii efektet e v\u00ebshtira. Merret rasti specifik i Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara, ku banon rreth 5% e popullsis\u00eb bot\u00ebrore, nj\u00eb vend q\u00eb gjat\u00eb N\u00ebnt\u00ebqind\u00ebs ka prodhuar rreth 30% t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb prodhimin e emetimeve t\u00eb dioksidit t\u00eb karbonit. Numra t\u00eb till\u00eb duken edhe m\u00eb dometh\u00ebns at\u00ebhere kur vendoset t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihet p\u00ebrfshihet n\u00eb analiz\u00eb Kina (7% e totalit t\u00eb emetimeve t\u00eb dioksidit t\u00eb karbonit), India (2%) dhe Europa (22%). Emetimet p\u00ebr frym\u00eb t\u00eb regjistruara n\u00eb Indi dhe Kin\u00eb jan\u00eb ende sot \u201cme 50% – 80% t\u00eb mesatares bot\u00ebrore\u201d. Pa llogaritur se nj\u00eb vend si Sri Lanka, moesha mesatare e s\u00eb cilit \u00ebsht\u00eb e ngjashme me at\u00eb t\u00eb Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara (1 vit e gjys\u00ebm diferenc\u00eb midis dy vendeve), p\u00ebrdor rreth 88% m\u00eb pak resurse respektivisht vendit veriamerikan dhe, mbi baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb ardhurave p\u00ebr frym\u00eb, rreth 94% m\u00eb pak emetime.<\/p>\n Paradigma malajziane <\/strong><\/p>\n P\u00ebrtej limiteve t\u00eb lidhura me vet\u00eb konceptin e Antropocenit, ekziston nj\u00eb lidhje e qart\u00eb midis k\u00ebtij t\u00eb fundit dhe proceseve koloniale. Si\u00e7 v\u00ebrehet nga nj\u00eb studim i fundit i Eva Horn dhe Hannes Bergthaller, n\u00eb mas\u00ebn ku \u201cka sjell\u00eb procese t\u00eb m\u00ebdha shpyll\u00ebzimi, futjen e \u201ckulturave treg\u00ebtare\u201d, krijimin e plantacioneve, si edhe shfryt\u00ebzimin ekonomik, kolonializmi mund t\u00eb tregohet si nj\u00eb prej faktor\u00ebve dometh\u00ebn\u00ebs q\u00eb kan\u00eb \u00e7uar tek Antropoceni\u201d. M\u00eb fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, shum\u00eb prej aspekteve q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin Antropocenin t\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem shfryt\u00ebzimi \u2013 human dhe t\u00eb lidhur me resurset natyrale \u2013 q\u00eb del nga trash\u00ebgimia e shekujve q\u00eb kan\u00eb pasuar \u201czbulimin e Amerikave\u201d dhe, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht, n\u00eb faz\u00ebn historike ku \u00ebsht\u00eb afirmuar kolonializmi. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht e dukshme n\u00eb Oqeanin Indian, rrug\u00eb strategjike tranziti midis Afrik\u00ebs dhe Azis\u00eb, ku kolonializmi ka influencuar thell\u00ebsisht proceset prodhuese masive dhe dinamikat relative q\u00eb skanojn\u00eb epok\u00ebn ton\u00eb. Mendohet n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb aspekt p\u00ebr gadishullin malajzian, sot politikisht i ndar\u00eb midis Birmanis\u00eb, Malajzis\u00eb dhe Tajland\u00ebs. N\u00eb pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe konvertohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb ekonomi plantacuonesh n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb nevojave industriale t\u00eb Britanis\u00eb s\u00eb Madhe dhe Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara. Politika t\u00eb tilla qen\u00eb t\u00eb njohshme n\u00eb motivacione ekonomike, t\u00eb finalizuara p\u00ebr t\u2019u p\u00ebrballur me nevojat \u2013 l\u00ebnd\u00eb t\u00eb para dhe tregje t\u00eb rinj \u2013 t\u00eb krijuara nga Revolucioni Industrial.<\/p>\n Megjithat\u00eb, nga nj\u00eb perspektiv\u00eb intrarajonale, rezultati kryesor i tyre ka qen\u00eb i shtytjes s\u00eb miliona pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve malajzian\u00eb, indian\u00eb dhe kinez\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb zgjidhje ekonomike dhe politike n\u00eb prizmin antikolonial, pse jo edhe ta shfryt\u00ebzojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb jo t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetshme pyllin \u2013 shpyll\u00ebzimi Borneos i \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb d\u00ebshmi dometh\u00ebn\u00ebse \u2013 n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb nj\u00eb forme t\u00eb \u00e7far\u00ebdoshme mb\u00ebshtetjeje. \u00cbsht\u00eb kjo nj\u00eb \u201cskem\u00eb\u201d q\u00eb n\u00eb Tet\u00ebqind \u2013 N\u00ebnt\u00ebqind\u00ebn ka p\u00ebrbashkuar, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra dhe forma t\u00eb ndryshme, pjes\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb hap\u00ebsirave koloniale dhe paskoloniale t\u00eb analizuara n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb punim: kolonializmi, ka v\u00ebrejtur lidhur me k\u00ebt\u00eb Carmen G. Gonzalez, \u201cka universalizuar idet\u00eb europiane e lidhure me konceptimin e natyr\u00ebs si mall i finalizuar p\u00ebr shfryt\u00ebzimin njer\u00ebzor, duke krijuar nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb nj\u00eb ekonomi globale q\u00eb e ka vendosur Jugun global n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje trazire sistematike\u201d.<\/p>\n Nga kolonializmat tek Space X<\/strong><\/p>\n Megjithat\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte gabim t\u00eb mendohej se dinamikat e sapoanalizuara i detyrohen vet\u00ebm planetit ton\u00eb. \u201cKolonializmi klimaterik\u201d \u2013 n\u00eb kontekstin e t\u00eb cilit qeniet njer\u00ebzore perceptohen si dominues t\u00eb nj\u00eb ekosistemi, m\u00eb shum\u00eb sesa pjes\u00eb e vet\u00eb atij \u2013 faktikisht ka shum\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb edhe me faz\u00ebn aktuale e fillimit t\u00eb turizmit hap\u00ebsinor. Referimi \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb konkurrenc\u00ebn q\u00eb prej disa vitesh konmpani t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb provuara \u2013 p\u00ebrfshi SpaceX e Elon Musk, Blue Origin e Jeff Bezos dhe Virgin Galactic e Richard Branson \u2013 po punojn\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb t\u00eb mundura transportet suborbitale. 1% m\u00eb e pasur e planetit \u00ebsht\u00eb sot p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr rreth 50% t\u00eb emetimeve t\u00eb lidhura me aviacionin: turizmi orbital do t\u00eb kontribuoj\u00eb q\u00eb ta p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsoj\u00eb m\u00eb tej k\u00ebt\u00eb pabarazi. N\u00eb vend q\u00eb ta trajtoj\u00eb Marsin dhe H\u00ebn\u00ebn si vende pushtimi dhe banimi, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb zhvillohet nj\u00eb etik\u00eb e re e eksplorimit hap\u00ebsinor. Historikisht, kolonizator\u00ebt kan\u00eb qen\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb t\u00eb motivuar nga p\u00ebrshtypja se gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb i rrethonte ndoshta ishte e menduar p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin dhe konsumin e tyre: kjo ka shum\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb edhe me politikat aktuale e lidhura me eksplorimin e hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs, si edhe me shfryt\u00ebzimin e resurseve natyrale t\u00eb planetit ton\u00eb. Ndoshta ia vlen barra qiran\u00eb t\u00eb konkludohet duke kujtuar se lufta e par\u00eb e dokumentuar e historis\u00eb njer\u00ebzore shikon t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshira rreth vitit 2450 B.C., mbret\u00ebrit\u00eb Lagash dhe Umma n\u00eb Mesopotamin\u00eb e lasht\u00eb (Iraku aktual). U shkaktua nga rivendikime konfliktuale lidhur me ujin dhe me furnizimin me t\u00eb. Ka ar\u00ebsye t\u00eb mira p\u00ebr t\u00eb menduar se lufta e fundit n\u00eb planetin ton\u00eb do t\u00eb filloj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat ar\u00ebsye.<\/p>\n (nga Aspenia Institute<\/em>)<\/p>\n P\u00ebrgatiti<\/strong><\/p>\n ARMIN TIRANA<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" N\u00eb vitin 1989 sociologia amerikane Janet Abu-Lughod parashikoi se epoka e hegjemonis\u00eb per\u00ebndimore do t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohej nga rikthimi n\u00eb nj\u00eb \u201cekuilib\u00ebr relativ midis qendrave t\u00eb shum\u00ebfishta t\u00eb pushtetit, si\u00e7 kishte ndodhur n\u00eb sistemin bot\u00ebror e shekullit t\u00eb XIII\u201d.\u00a0\u00cbsht\u00eb ende shpejt p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb bilanc p\u00ebrfundimtar lidhur me fjal\u00ebt e saj. Megjithat\u00eb, duket se ka …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":48602,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-48601","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-kulture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48601","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48601"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48601\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/48602"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48601"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48601"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=48601"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}