{"id":63777,"date":"2023-11-15T08:40:05","date_gmt":"2023-11-15T08:40:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/?p=63777"},"modified":"2023-11-15T08:40:05","modified_gmt":"2023-11-15T08:40:05","slug":"miti-sionist-i-kthimit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/2023\/11\/15\/miti-sionist-i-kthimit\/","title":{"rendered":"Miti sionist i\u00a0\u201ckthimit\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jan\u00eb v\u00ebrtet, hebrenjt\u00eb, nj\u00eb \u201cpopull semitik\u201d? <\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr q\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00eb provokoi nj\u00eb far\u00eb buje, filozofi francez Roger Garaudy i n\u00ebnshtroi nj\u00eb kritik\u00eb t\u00eb pam\u00ebshirshme atyre q\u00eb ai i quante \u201cLes mythes fondateurs de la politique isra\u00e9lienne<\/em>\u201d. Garaudy e p\u00ebrdorte fjal\u00ebn mit<\/em> n\u00eb kuptimin e zgjeruar q\u00eb ai mbante at\u00ebhere kur p\u00ebrcaktonte nj\u00eb rr\u00ebfim apo nj\u00eb koncept sugjestionues (fjalori i sot\u00ebm do t\u00eb thoshte \u201cnj\u00eb narrativ\u00eb\u201d), pra: nj\u00eb rr\u00ebfim i dh\u00ebn\u00eb me kredit e prestigj \u2013 por q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb zhduket (dhe \u00e7omontohet) n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet analiz\u00ebs racionale. N\u00eb ve\u00e7anti, me shprehjen \u201cmite themeluese\u201d, Garaudy tregonte aty g\u00ebnjeshtra t\u00eb bujshme, q\u00eb duke i caktuar nj\u00eb origjine t\u00eb lasht\u00eb dhe fisnike nj\u00eb institucioni apo nj\u00eb praktike m\u00eb t\u00eb vonshme, ia forcojn\u00eb legjitimitetin apo deri i krijojn\u00eb p\u00ebrreth saj nj\u00eb aureol\u00eb shenjt\u00ebrie. \u201cMitet themeluese t\u00eb politik\u00ebs izraeliane\u201d ndahen nga Garaudy n\u00eb dy kategori: \u201cmitet teologjike\u201d dhe \u201cmitet e shekullit t\u00eb XX\u201d. \u201cMitet teologjike\u201d, t\u00eb lindur nga leximi i Dhiat\u00ebs s\u00eb Vjet\u00ebr s\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nga sionizmi apo t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn nga korrenti religjoz i sionizmit, jan\u00eb: 1) miti i \u201ctok\u00ebs s\u00eb premtuar\u201d, 2) miti i \u201cpopullit t\u00eb zgjedhur\u201d, 3) miti i \u201cshfarosjes s\u00eb shenjt\u00eb\u201d (i \u201cspastrimit etnik\u201d, n\u00ebse do t\u00eb donim t\u00eb p\u00ebrdornim nj\u00eb shprehje m\u00eb pak teologjike, m\u00eb t\u00eb laicizuar dhe me p\u00ebrdorim m\u00eb aktual). Kurse \u201cmitet e shekullit t\u00eb XX\u201d jan\u00eb: miti i antifashizmit sionist, miti i \u201cdrejt\u00ebsis\u00eb\u201d s\u00eb Nyrembergut, miti i Holokaustit, miti i nj\u00eb \u201ctoke pa popull p\u00ebr nj\u00eb popull pa tok\u00eb\u201d.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb Garaudy ka anashkaluar nj\u00eb mit themelues q\u00eb mund ta konsiderojm\u00eb si paraprak respektivisht me \u201cmitet teologjike\u201d prej tij t\u00eb n\u00ebnshtruar kritik\u00ebs: miti i \u201ckthimit\u201d, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb i \u201ckthimit t\u00eb popullit hebraik n\u00eb atdheun e tij biblik\u201d. \u201cKthim\u201d, at\u00ebhere kur do t\u00eb nevojitej t\u00eb kujtohej, n\u00ebnkupton rikthim n\u00eb vendin e prejardhjes. Pra, duke pranuar konceptin e \u201ckthimit\u201d (n\u00eb \u201ctok\u00ebn e Izraelit\u201d, erez Israel<\/em>), jepet si i mir\u00ebqen\u00eb, q\u00eb me emigracionin sionist n\u00eb Palestin\u00eb dhe me vendosjen e nj\u00eb regjimi pushtimi kolonial t\u00eb mbiquajtur \u201cShtet i Izraelit\u201d, populli hebraik (apo gjith\u00ebsesi nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e tij) \u00ebsht\u00eb kthyer n\u00eb atdheun e lasht\u00eb t\u00eb tij pas nj\u00eb \u201cdiaspore\u201d t\u00eb zgjatur rreth 19 shekuj. (Midis parantezash, edhe ky koncept i \u201cdiaspor\u00ebs\u201d \u2013 nga greqishtja \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac<\/em>, \u201cmbjellje\u201d, \u201cshp\u00ebrndarje\u201d \u2013 do t\u2019i n\u00ebnshtrohej nj\u00eb rishikimi kritik radikal, nga momenti q\u00eb nuk qe i sigurt\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrimi i Tempullit t\u00eb Jeruzalemit i ndodhur n\u00eb 70 A.D. n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e perandorit Titus q\u00eb shkaktoi shp\u00ebrndarjen e hebrenjve, p\u00ebr ar\u00ebsyen e thjesht\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebta gjendeshin prej koh\u00ebsh t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb basenin e Mesdheut). Pavar\u00ebsisht k\u00ebsaj, po t\u2019i q\u00ebndrosh tez\u00ebs sioniste, me \u201ckthimin\u201d n\u00eb Palestin\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte \u201cpopulli hebraik\u201d, por k\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb ngrihet nj\u00eb pyetje tjet\u00ebr: hebrenjt\u00eb jan\u00eb tamam nj\u00eb popull?<\/p>\n

Sipas Shlomo Sand, profesor i zakonsh\u00ebm i Historis\u00eb Bashk\u00ebkohore pran\u00eb Universitetit t\u00eb Tel Avivit dhe autor i nj\u00eb libri t\u00eb titulluar The Invention of the Jewish People<\/em>, p\u00ebrgjigja ndaj pik\u00ebpyetje t\u00eb till\u00eb mund t\u00eb jepet vet\u00ebm n\u00ebse i n\u00ebnshtrohet rishikimit historia zyrtare, e cila, sipas mendimit t\u00eb tij, \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar dhe miratuar nga studiues, q\u00eb t\u00eb shtyr\u00eb nga nj\u00eb paragjykim ideologjik, i kan\u00eb manipuluar burimet p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb vizion unitar dhe koherent t\u00eb s\u00eb kaluar\u00ebs hebraike. Mite themelues me historicitet t\u00eb dyshimt\u00eb, si m\u00ebrgimi babilonas, pushtimi i tok\u00ebs s\u00eb Canaan apo monarkia unite e Davidit dhe Salomonit, thot\u00eb historiani izraelian, kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb shtyllat bart\u00ebse t\u00eb nj\u00eb rind\u00ebrtimi t\u00eb historis\u00eb s\u00eb hebrenjve t\u00eb paraqitur si nj\u00eb rrug\u00ebtim i pand\u00ebrprer\u00eb q\u00eb nga epoka biblike paraqitet pa zgjidhje kontinuiteti deri n\u00eb dit\u00ebt tona. Ama, pyet ai, a ekziston v\u00ebrtet nj\u00eb \u201cpopull hebraik\u201d homogjen, i detyruar nga m\u00ebrgimi prej romak\u00ebve n\u00eb shekullin e I A.D., nj\u00eb grup etnik past\u00ebrtia e t\u00eb cilit do t\u00eb mbijetonte prej 2 mij\u00ebvje\u00e7ar\u00ebsh, nj\u00eb komb q\u00eb m\u00eb s\u00eb fundi kthehet n\u00eb atdheun e tij? Aspak, thekson Shlomo Sand. Hebrenjt\u00eb zbresin nga nj\u00eb mas\u00eb etnikisht dishomogjene individ\u00ebsh dhe grupesh t\u00eb konvertuar n\u00eb judaiz\u00ebm, q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkasin kombeve m\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb Lindjes s\u00eb Af\u00ebrt dhe t\u00eb Europ\u00ebs Lindore. \u201cShpikja e popullit hebraik\u201d, si\u00e7 e quante Shlomo Sand, \u00ebsht\u00eb shpikja e nj\u00eb historiografie t\u00eb mark\u00ebs nacionaliste, q\u00eb synonte t\u2019i jepte nj\u00eb themel dhe nj\u00eb justifikim kolonizimit sionist t\u00eb Palestin\u00ebs. Tani pyesim: n\u00ebse hebrenjt\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb nj\u00eb popull t\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptuar si entitet etnik, deri n\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb pike mund t\u00eb konsiderohen nj\u00eb grup human, qoft\u00eb edhe etnikisht johomogjen, q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkasin n\u00eb kuadrin semitik?<\/p>\n

Paras\u00ebgjithash le t\u00eb shohim se \u00e7far\u00eb n\u00ebnkupton \u201csemitik\u201d. Duket se ka qen\u00eb historiani gjerman August Ludwig von Schl\u00f6zer (1735 \u2013 1809) q\u00eb ka krijuar p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, n\u00eb 1781, fjal\u00ebn semitisch<\/em>, p\u00ebr t\u00eb treguar kapjen e gjuh\u00ebve t\u00eb folura nga popullsit\u00eb q\u00eb nj\u00eb pasazh biblik (Gen.<\/em> 10, 21-31) i b\u00ebn t\u00eb zbresin nga Sem djali i No\u00e8s: siriakishtja, aramaikja, arabishtja, hebraishtja, finikishtja. Mbiemri \u201csemitik\u201d i referohet prandaj pik\u00ebrisht semitik\u00ebve, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb familje popujsh q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e shprndar\u00eb n\u00eb zon\u00eb midis Mesdheut, maleve t\u00eb Armenis\u00eb, Tigrit dhe Arabis\u00eb Jugore, p\u00ebr t\u2019u zgjeruar m\u00eb pas edhe n\u00eb Etiopi e n\u00eb Afrik\u00ebn Veriore; si mbiem\u00ebr i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm (\u201csemitishtja\u201d) ai tregon grupin gjuh\u00ebsor korrespondues, q\u00eb artikulohet n\u00eb tre n\u00ebngrupe: ai lindor apo akadik (q\u00eb n\u00eb Mij\u00ebvje\u00e7arin e II B.C. u nda n\u00eb babilonisht dhe asirisht), at\u00eb verilindor (kananisht, fenikisht, hebraisht, aramaikisht biblik, siriakisht) dhe at\u00eb jugper\u00ebndimor (arabisht dhe etiopisht). Pra \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht i pazakont\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimi i termave \u201csemit\u201d dhe \u201csemitikisht\u201d si sinonime t\u00eb \u201cherbeut\u201d e t\u00eb \u201chebraishtes\u201d, sakt\u00ebsisht si\u00e7 do t\u00eb ishte e pazakont\u00eb t\u00eb thuhej \u201carian\u201d apo \u201cindoeuropian\u201d n\u00eb vend t\u00eb \u201citalishtes\u201d, \u201cgjermanishtes\u201d, \u201crusishtes\u201d apo \u201cpersishtes\u201d. Pasoj\u00eb q\u00eb po aq e pazakont\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimi i termit \u201cantisemit\u201d si sinonim i \u201cantihebraikut\u201d. N\u00ebse p\u00ebrdoret me korrekt\u00ebsi, termi \u201cantisemitiz\u00ebm\u201d (i krijuar n\u00eb 1879 nga gazetari vjenez Wilhelm Marr) do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb tregoj\u00eb armiq\u00ebsin\u00eb ndaj familjes semitike, e cila sot e ka kompnenten m\u00eb shumt\u00eb n\u00eb popullsit\u00eb e gjuh\u00ebs arabe, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb kualifikimi \u201cantisemit\u201d do t\u00eb rezultonte i p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb caktuar k\u00eb ushqen armiq\u00ebsi ndaj arab\u00ebve, m\u00eb shum\u00eb sesa jo ata q\u00eb provojn\u00eb antipati kundrejt hebrnejve.<\/p>\n

Por inkonsistenca e identitetit t\u00eb supozuar t\u00eb kampit semantik midis dy termave \u201csemit\u201d dhe \u201chebre\u201d rezulton akoma m\u00eb e qart\u00eb at\u00ebhere kur flitet p\u00ebr faktin q\u00eb hebrenjt\u00eb e sot\u00ebm nuk mund t\u00eb kualifikohen si \u201csemit\u00eb\u201d. Faktikisht n\u00ebse p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsia e nj\u00eb grupi njer\u00ebzor n\u00eb nj\u00eb familje m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs s\u00eb folur nga grupi n\u00eb fjal\u00eb, at\u00ebhere nj\u00eb popull do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb konsiderohet semitik vet\u00ebm n\u00eb rastin ku ai flet si gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebm\u00ebs njr\u00ebrn prej gjuh\u00ebve semitike t\u00eb renditura m\u00eb sip\u00ebr, me rezultatin q\u00eb sot do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohen ligj\u00ebrisht semitik\u00eb me titull t\u00eb plot\u00eb arab\u00ebt dhe etiopasit, por jo hebrenjt\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb se nga 1948 hebraishtja apo m\u00eb mir\u00eb neohebraishtja (ivrit<\/em>), \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr gjuh\u00eb zyrtare e kolonis\u00eb sioniste t\u00eb ngulur n\u00eb Palestin\u00eb, ku ajo num\u00ebron disa milion\u00eb fol\u00ebs (rreth 90% t\u00eb mbi 6 milion hebrenjve izraelian\u00eb); por b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb q\u00eb kishte vdekur prej m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 20 shekujsh dhe q\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb \u2018900 \u00ebsht\u00eb thirrur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb artificiale n\u00eb jet\u00eb, duke filluar nga p\u00ebrpjekjet e gjuh\u00ebtarit sionist Eliezer Ben Yehuda (1858 \u2013 1922). Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj duhet kujtuar, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb aspekt, se judeasit m\u00eb t\u00eb thekur t\u00eb ortodoksis\u00eb religjoze fillimisht nuk e pranuar iden\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb hebraishtes n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e p\u00ebrditshme, gjuh\u00eb prej tyre e konsideruar e \u201cshenjt\u00eb\u201d dhe duhet kujtuar edhe se n\u00eb Palestin\u00ebn e pushtuar ka grupe hebrenjsh q\u00eb ruhen n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e jidishit. N\u00eb \u00e7do rast, fakti q\u00eb hebrenjt\u00eb aktualisht banor\u00eb n\u00eb Palestina flasin hebraisht (apo m\u00eb mir\u00eb neohebraisht) nuk i b\u00ebln ata etnikisht semit\u00eb. P\u00ebrndryshe, duke aplikuar t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin kriter, do t\u00eb duhet ta konsiderojm\u00eb etnikisht gjermanike, p\u00ebr faktin q\u00eb flet nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb gjermanike, popullsia e afroamerikan\u00ebve t\u00eb Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara, gj\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb qartazi absurde.<\/p>\n

Hebrenjt\u00eb q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb vende t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb tok\u00ebs, sot si n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn, flasin gjuh\u00ebt e popujve n\u00eb me t\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebve gjenden p\u00ebr t\u00eb jetuar, gjuh\u00eb p\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr indoeuropiane (anglisht, spanjisht, fr\u00ebngjisht, italisht, rusisht, farsi etj.). Vet\u00eb jidishi, q\u00eb u formua n\u00eb shekullin e XIII n\u00eb vendet e Europ\u00ebs Qendrore mbi baz\u00ebn e nj\u00eb dialekti meso \u2013 gjerman dhe u b\u00eb n\u00eb vijim t\u00eb migrimeve hebraike nj\u00eb lloj gjuhe nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, ishte megjithat\u00eb nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb gjermane, edhe pse p\u00ebrve\u00e7 nj\u00eb fjalori me baz\u00eb gjermane e sllave, p\u00ebrmbante nj\u00eb p\u00ebrqindje t\u00eb lart\u00eb element\u00ebsh leksikor\u00eb hebraik\u00ebe dhe shkruhej me karaktere hebraike. (Por kjo nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb asgj\u00eb: edhe vietnamishtja, gjuha jo khmere, shkruhet me karaktere latine, por kjo nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se vietnamishtja \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb neolatine; edhe persishtja shkruhet me karaktere arabe, por nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb semitike, por indoeuropiane; e k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb n\u00eb shum\u00eb raste analoge). Pra duket e ligjshme t\u00eb konkludohet se hebrenjt\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb nj\u00eb grup t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar si semitik mbi baz\u00ebn e p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsis\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsore. At\u00ebhere a mund t\u2019i konsiderojm\u00eb semit\u00eb n\u00ebn profilin etnik? P\u00ebr t\u2019ju p\u00ebrgjigjur pozitivisht, duhet t\u00eb jemi n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb gjenealogjin\u00eb e hebrenjve deri tek Semi i biri i No\u00e8s, por nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarje e till\u00eb duket mjaft e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb. Si\u00e7\u00e7 shkruan nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues i shquar i skenc\u00ebs gjeografike italiane, Renato Biasutti (1878 \u2013 1965), \u201c\u00e7\u00ebshtja e pozicionit antropologjik apo e p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjes raciale t\u00eb hebrenjve nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb pak komplekse dhe e err\u00ebt\u201d se shum\u00eb t\u00eb tjera. \u201cNj\u00ebra prej shkaqeve t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, shpjegon ai, q\u00ebndron n\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsin\u00eb e grumbullimit t\u00eb informacioneve adeguate mbi karakteret dalluese t\u00eb nj\u00eb grupi etnik kaq shum\u00eb t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb\u201d.<\/p>\n

Hebrenjt\u00eb jan\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrzierje etnike. Origjina hazare e hebrenjve ashkenazit\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ka nj\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb faktike q\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm e v\u00eb n\u00eb pik\u00ebpyetje origjin\u00ebn e supozuar semitike t\u00eb hebrenjve aktual\u00eb, por pengon edhe t\u2019i konsideroj\u00eb trash\u00ebgimtar\u00eb t\u00eb hebrenjve t\u00eb lasht\u00ebsis\u00eb biblike: n\u00eb etnogjenez\u00ebn hebraike kan\u00eb kontribuar element\u00eb semitik\u00eb me prejardhje t\u00eb ndryshme, t\u00eb fituar me prozelitiz\u00ebm dhe me martesa t\u00eb p\u00ebrziera (\u201cmartesa me bijat e nj\u00eb zoti t\u00eb huaj\u201d) kund\u00ebr t\u00eb cilit sok\u00ebllinin m\u00eb kot profet\u00ebt e Izraelit. Shkruan nj\u00eb studiues hebre, Maurice Fishberg: \u201cDuke filluar nga d\u00ebshmit\u00eb dhe nga traditat biblike deduktohet se deri n\u00eb debutimet e formimit t\u00eb trib\u00f9ve t\u00eb Izraelit k\u00ebto qen\u00eb tashm\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebra nga ingredient\u00eb racial\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm (\u2026). N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb gjenim n\u00eb Azin\u00eb e Vog\u00ebl, n\u00eb Siri e n\u00eb Palestin\u00eb shum\u00eb raca: amorreit, q\u00eb qen\u00eb bjond\u00eb, dolikokoqefal\u00eb dhe shtatlart\u00eb; hitit\u00ebt, nj\u00eb rac\u00eb me ngjyr\u00eb t\u00eb err\u00ebt, ka mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb tipit mongoloid; kushit\u00ebt, nj\u00eb rac\u00eb negroide dhe shum\u00eb t\u00eb tjera akoma. Hebrenjt\u00eb e lasht\u00eb lidh\u00ebn martesa me t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto raca, sip shikohet mir\u00eb n\u00eb shum\u00eb pasazhe t\u00eb bibl\u00ebs\u201d. Pastaj nevojitet p\u00ebr t\u00eb dalluar midis hebrenjve t\u00eb Azis\u00eb dhe atyre t\u00eb Europ\u00ebs e t\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs dhe n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti midis sefardit\u00ebve (dg\u00ebs jugore t\u00eb s\u00eb ashtuquajtur\u00ebs diaspor\u00eb) dhe ashkenazit\u00ebve (dega lindore). N\u00ebse sefardit\u00ebt jan\u00eb p\u00ebrhapur nga Afrika Veriore dhe nga Europa mesdhetare deri n\u00eb Holland\u00eb dhe n\u00eb Angli, ashkenazit\u00ebt kan\u00eb popullur zona t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb Rusis\u00eb jugore, Polonis\u00eb, Gjermanis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb Ballkanit; ka qen\u00eb kjo deg\u00eb e hebraizmit q\u00eb ka furnizuar kontigjentin m\u00eb t\u00eb shumt\u00eb n\u00eb l\u00ebvizjen kolonialiste q\u00eb i ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb jet\u00eb entitetit politiko \u2013 ushtarak sionist dhe vet\u00eb klas\u00ebs politike izraeliane. N\u00eb nj\u00eb studim t\u00eb botuar nga State University of New York<\/em> Paul Wexler, profesor i Gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin e Tel Avivit, argumenton se p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb sefardit\u00ebve mund t\u00eb hipotezohet nj\u00eb origjin\u00eb pjes\u00ebrisht semitike, por jo domosdoshm\u00ebrisht hebraike. Kurse p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket ashkenazit\u00ebve, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb 9\/10 e hebraizmit bot\u00ebror, duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtohet jo vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb prejardhje hebraike q\u00eb arrin deri n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn biblike, por edhe p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsie n\u00eb kuadrin semitik.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb hebre ashkenazit, shkrimtari Arthur Koestler, ka divulguar nj\u00eb tez\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb sintetizohet me k\u00ebto fjal\u00eb, t\u00eb nxjerra nga libri i tij The Thirteenth Tribe<\/em>: \u201cGjat\u00eb Mesjet\u00ebs shumica e atyre q\u00eb mbanin fen\u00eb hebraike qen\u00eb kazar\u00eb, pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e k\u00ebsaj shumice emigroi n\u00eb Poloni, Lituani, Hungari dhe n\u00eb Ballkan, ku themeloi at\u00eb komunitet hebraik lindor q\u00eb nga ana e tij u b\u00eb shumica predominuese e hebraizmit bot\u00ebror\u201d. Arthur Koestler qe nj\u00eb sionist i dor\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb dhe, si\u00e7 v\u00ebren Shlomo Sand, \u201cderi n\u00eb fundin e dit\u00ebve t\u00eb tij nuk reshti s\u00eb mb\u00ebshteturi ekzistenc\u00ebn e shtetit t\u00eb Izraelit (\u2026) Thuajse t\u00eb gjith\u00eb librat e tij u p\u00ebrkthyen n\u00eb hebraisht, duke hasur shum\u00eb sukses\u201d. Megjithat\u00eb, kur doli The Thirteenth Tribe<\/em>, \u201cambasadori izraelian n\u00eb Britanin\u00eb e Madhe nj\u00eb \u201ciniciativ\u00eb antisemite t\u00eb financuar nga palestinez\u00ebt\u201d\u201d. Duke divulguar rezultatet e k\u00ebrkimeve historike relativisht popullit t\u00eb kazar\u00ebve, Koestler b\u00ebnte t\u00eb binte teza sipas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs pushtimi i Palestin\u00ebs nga ana e sionist\u00ebve do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsonte nj\u00eb \u201ckthim\u201d t\u00eb hebrenjve n\u00eb tok\u00ebn e tyre t\u00eb origjin\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Por kush qen\u00eb kazar\u00ebt, st\u00ebrgjysh\u00ebr t\u00eb pjes\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb hebraizmit aktual? Sipas kritereve gjenealogjike t\u00eb matric\u00ebs veterotestamentare, kazar\u00ebt nuk i p\u00ebrkisnin as grupit t\u00eb Semit, as aq m\u00eb pak atij t\u00eb Kamit, por atij t\u00eb Jafetit: let\u00ebrsia ekleziale e mesjet\u00ebs s\u00eb sip\u00ebrme i quante faktikisht \u201cf\u00ebmij\u00eb t\u00eb Magogut\u201d apo gjith\u00ebsesi i lokalizonte \u201cn\u00eb tokat e Gogut dhe Magogut\u201d, nd\u00ebrsa burimet myslimane (p\u00ebr shembull diplomati dhe udh\u00ebtari Ibn Fadl\u0101n) i identifikonin tout court<\/em> me hordhit\u00eb e kuranik\u00ebve Ya\u2019j\u016bj e Ma\u2019j\u016bj (Gog dhe Magog), q\u00eb \u201cp\u00ebrhap\u00ebn korrupsionin n\u00eb tok\u00eb\u201d. Nga Te\u00f2fan Rr\u00ebfyesi, q\u00eb i quajti \u201cturq lindor\u00eb\u201d, deri tek Lev Gumil\u00ebv, q\u00eb pa tek kazar\u00ebt nj\u00eb grup dagestan, saramatik apo alan t\u00eb turqizuar, historian\u00ebt dhe etnolog\u00ebt e kan\u00eb rilidhur k\u00ebt\u00eb popull n\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb apo n\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr me familjen e popujve turq. Disa konsiderojn\u00eb se emri i kazar\u00ebve buron nga kaz<\/em> (\u201cvagabond\u201d) dhe er<\/em> (\u201cburr\u00eb\u201d); t\u00eb tjer\u00eb e th\u00ebrrasin emrin kinez t\u00eb nj\u00eb trib\u00f9je ujgure t\u00eb lasht\u00eb, Ko-sa<\/em>. N\u00eb \u00e7do rast nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb jepet nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje definitive rreth origjin\u00ebs s\u00eb kazar\u00ebve. As shfaqja e tyre e par\u00eb n\u00eb sken\u00ebn e historis\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e datueshme me sakt\u00ebsi. Disa e zbresin n\u00eb pak p\u00ebrpara 198 A.D., kur pushtuan nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb zon\u00ebs kaukaziane dhe brigjet veriper\u00ebndimore t\u00eb Kaspikut, q\u00eb mori emrin Deti Kazar; sipas t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve, grupi kazar do t\u00eb shfaqej gjat\u00eb V\u00f6lkerwanderung<\/em> t\u00eb provkuar n\u00eb 350 nga fitorja e hun\u00ebve mbi alan\u00ebt; t\u00eb tjer\u00eb akoma ia vendosin formimin nga fundi i shekullit t\u00eb VI. N\u00eb vijim \u201centiteti kazar (\u2026) duke e spostuar progresivisht qendr\u00ebn e gravitetit t\u00eb tij nga zona kaspike e Detit t\u00eb Zi, mblodhi etni tejet t\u00eb ndryshme\u201d, duke shtuar n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti nj\u00eb komponente etnike iranike (alane, p\u00ebr sakt\u00ebsi) elementit fillestar turkik. \u201cNj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje etnike e till\u00eb, shkruante Francis Conte, qe patjet\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb e pozicionit t\u00eb shtetit kazar, vat\u00ebr e rrug\u00ebve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha treg\u00ebtare q\u00eb shkonin nga Lindja n\u00eb Per\u00ebndim, Veriun me Jugun; udh\u00ebkryq i trafiqeve, nj\u00eb lloj platforme e rritullueshme, jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb e ushtroi funksionin e saj n\u00eb k\u00ebmbim t\u00eb t\u00eb mirave materiale, por edhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrhapjen e ideve dhe religjoneve\u201d.<\/p>\n

Arthur Koestler k\u00ebmb\u00ebngul mbi rolin vendimtar gjeopolitik dhe gjeostrategjik t\u00eb mbret\u00ebris\u00eb kazare. \u201cVendi i pushtuar nga kazar\u00ebt, nj\u00eb popullsi me origjin\u00eb turke, pushtonte nj\u00eb pozicion strategjik mbi kalimin jetik midis Detit t\u00eb Zi dhe Detit Kaspik, ku fuqit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha lindore t\u00eb epok\u00ebs konfrontoheshin midis tyre. Funksionoi si shtet \u2013 kushinet\u00eb n\u00eb mbrojtje t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Bizantine ndaj pushtimeve t\u00eb tribuve barbare t\u00eb stepave nodrike: bullgare, maxhiare, pe\u00e7enege etj., dhe m\u00eb von\u00eb vikinge dhe ruse. Po nj\u00eblloj, n\u00eb mos m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme nga pik\u00ebpamja e diplomacis\u00eb bizantine dhe e historis\u00eb europiane, qe vepra efikase e frenimit e ushtruar nga ushtrit\u00eb kazare ndaj ortekut arab n\u00eb etapat e para dhe m\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrimtare t\u00eb saj, nj\u00eb vep\u00ebr q\u00eb e pengoi pushtimin mysliman t\u00eb Europ\u00ebs Lindore\u201d. P\u00ebrpara Koestler e Conte, edhe historiani britanik Douglas M. Dunlop ia ishte atribuar mbret\u00ebris\u00eb kazare funksionin e antemurale christianitatis<\/em>: \u201c\u00cbsht\u00eb thuajse e qart\u00eb, shkruan Dunlop, se sikur t\u00eb mos kishin qen\u00eb kazar\u00ebt n\u00eb rajonin n\u00eb veri t\u00eb Kaukazit,\u00a0 vet\u00eb Bizanti, baluard i qytet\u00ebrimit europian n\u00eb Lindje, do t\u00eb gjendej i rrethuar nga arab\u00ebt dhe historia e kristianizmit dhe e islamit do t\u00eb kishte qen\u00eb tejet e ndryshme nga ajo q\u00eb njohim\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ajo q\u00eb mund t\u00eb thuhet me siguri \u00ebsht\u00eb pushtimi i Persis\u00eb, i ndjekur nga fushatat fitimtare t\u00eb kalifit \u2018Omar ibn al-Khatt\u0101b kund\u00ebr sasanid\u00ebve (634 \u2013 642), e kishte zgjeruar deri n\u00eb Tbilis dhe n\u00eb Derbent kufijt\u00eb verior\u00eb e d\u0101r al-isl\u0101m<\/em>, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb Kazaria p\u00ebrb\u00ebnte penges\u00ebn q\u00eb pengonte ushtrit\u00eb myslimane p\u00ebr t\u00eb avancuar n\u00eb ult\u00ebsirat jugore t\u00eb Rusis\u00eb, nga ku mund t\u00eb t\u00eb procedonte me rrethimin e Perandoris\u00eb s\u00eb Lindjes. Me tejkalimin e Donit, pushtuar Ukrain\u00ebn e sotme deri n\u00eb Dniep\u00ebr dhe nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb Krimes\u00eb, kazar\u00ebt u ndodh\u00ebn n\u00eb udh\u00ebkryqin e zonave gjeopolitike islamike dhe kristiane, ar\u00ebsye p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn shtresa drejtuese e tyre konsideroi oportune marr\u00ebjen e nj\u00eb identiteti religjoz pastr\u00ebtisht t\u00eb dalluesh\u00ebm nga ai i popujve fqinj\u00eb. Aleksandr Solzhenicn e p\u00ebrmbledh n\u00eb termat e m\u00ebposht\u00ebm k\u00ebt\u00eb moment vendimtar t\u00eb historis\u00eb kazare: \u201cKrer\u00ebt etnik\u00eb t\u00eb turko \u2013 kazar\u00ebve (n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb idolat\u00ebr) nuk e pranuan as islamin (p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos dashur t\u2019ju n\u00ebnshtronin kalifit t\u00eb Bagdadit), as kristianizmit (p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur tutel\u00ebn e perandorit t\u00eb Bizantit). K\u00ebshtu, rreth 732 trib\u00f9 adoptuan religjonin judaik\u201d.<\/p>\n

Realisht nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aspak e sigurt\u00eb se judaizimi i nj\u00eb pjese t\u00eb popullit kazar ka ndodhur pas lindjes s\u00eb Kalifatit abasid, e cila ndodhi n\u00eb 750. \u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb se historiani dhe gjeografi arab al-Mas\u2018\u016bd\u012b e cakton konvertimin n\u00eb vitet e fundit t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb VIII, por \u201cburime t\u00eb tjera lindore e deklarojn\u00eb shtres\u00ebn drejtuese kazare dhe sidomos khag\u0101nite t\u00eb konvertiar qysh nga 730 \u2013 731\u201d. Nj\u00eb konvertim i till\u00eb i referohet nj\u00eb vepre t\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb arabisht perreth 1140 nga intelektuali i herbaizmit spanjoll Yehudah ben Shemu\u2019el ha-Lewi (1086 \u2013 1141), e titulluar Al-hujjah wa\u2019d-dal\u012bl f\u00ee nasr ad-d\u012bn adh-dhal\u012bl<\/em> (Argumentin dhe demonstrim n\u00eb mbrojtje t\u00eb fes\u00eb s\u00eb p\u00ebr\u00e7muar). Vepra, e njohur gjithashtu si Kuz\u0101r\u012b<\/em>, p\u00ebrcjell dialogun q\u00eb duket se ka ndodhur midis mbretit (bek<\/em>) kazar Bulan dhe nj\u00eb rabini. I shtyr\u00eb nga nj\u00eb engj\u00ebll q\u00eb t\u00eb zhvilloj\u00eb nj\u00eb investigim mbi religjonet, sovrani i drejtohet fillimisht nj\u00eb filozofi, m\u00eb pas nj\u00eb teologu kristian, pra nj\u00eb t\u00eb dituri mysliman, por asnj\u00ebri prej tyre nuk i k\u00ebnaq nevojat e tij. Natyrisht q\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb rabimi ai q\u00eb e bind p\u00ebr superioritetin e judaizmit dhe ta bind\u00eb q\u00eb konvertohet. Konvertimi n\u00eb judaiz\u00ebm nuk duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb qen\u00eb shum\u00eb i q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm, nga momenti q\u00eb n\u00eb 860, i shtyr\u00eb nga presioni islamik p\u00ebr t\u2019ju afruar Konstandinopoj\u00ebs, beku<\/em> i kazar\u00ebve i k\u00ebrkon bazileusit t\u2019i d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb nj\u00eb teolog kristian n\u00eb gjendje q\u00eb t\u2019u \u201creplikoj\u00eb argumentimeve t\u00eb hebrenjve dhe t\u00eb sara\u00e7en\u00ebve\u201d. Detyra e ungjillizimit t\u00eb kazar\u00ebve, e besuar nj\u00eb njeriu t\u00eb ditur dhe t\u00eb devotsh\u00ebm q\u00eb me emrin e Cirilit do b\u00ebhej m\u00eb pas i famsh\u00ebm si \u201capostull i sllav\u00ebve\u201d, nuk \u00e7oi n\u00eb rezultate t\u00eb m\u00ebdha: neofit\u00ebt kristian\u00eb nuk qen\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 200, nd\u00ebrsa beku<\/em> dhe aristokracia kazare i q\u00ebndruan besnik\u00eb judaizmit.<\/p>\n

Ajo q\u00eb na jep ndonj\u00eb sqarim mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb klas\u00eb politike drejtuese judaike \u00ebsht\u00eb P\u00ebrgjigja e mbretit Jozef<\/em> e d\u00ebrguar rreth 955 nga nj\u00eb sovran kazar hebreut kordovas Hasdai ibn Shaprut, i cili kishte shkruar p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur konfirmimin e ekzistenc\u00ebs s\u00eb nj\u00eb mbret\u00ebrie judaike. Pasi ka rievokuar konvertimit t\u00eb paraardh\u00ebsit t\u00eb tij Bulan, mbreti kazar shkruan: \u201cNga f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tij doli nj\u00eb mbret i quajtur Obadia. Ishte nj\u00eb njeri i drejt\u00eb. Riorganizoi mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe e krijoi religjonin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb korrekte dhe t\u00eb pal\u00ebvizshme. Nd\u00ebrtoi sinagoga dhe shkolla, b\u00ebri shum\u00eb t\u00eb ditur izraelian\u00eb, i nderoi me ar e argjend dhe ata i shpjeguan t\u00eb 24 librat [e Torahut], Mishnahun, Talmudin dhe rendin e lutjeve t\u00eb Khazzanit\u201d. Obadian do ta pasonte nj\u00eb seri sovran\u00ebsh me emra biblik\u00eb: Ezekia, Manase i I, Hanukkah, Isaku, Zebuloni, Manasi i II, Nisi, Aroni i I, Menahemi, Beniamini, Aroni i II, Jozefi. Duket e ligjshme t\u00eb supozohet se kjo aristokraci e hebraicizuar ju p\u00ebrgjigj aktivitetit ungjillizues t\u00eb Konstandinopoj\u00ebs duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb promotore vet\u00eb ajo e iniciativave misionare, t\u00eb prirura p\u00ebr ta fituar judaizmin nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e mir\u00eb e popullsis\u00eb kazare. E ashtuquajtura Kronik\u00eb e Nestorit <\/em>(Povest\u2019 vremennych let<\/em>) d\u00ebshmon ve\u00e7 t\u00eb tjerash p\u00ebr n\u00ebnshtrimin e disa tribuve sllave nga ana e kazar\u00ebve. N\u00eb mesin e shekullit t\u00eb IX kazar\u00ebt sulmuan e Dneieprit t\u00eb Mes\u00ebm dhe ju imponuan atyre pagimin e nj\u00eb tributi. Nj\u00eb shekull m\u00eb pas, Svjetosllavi i I, princ i Rus\u2019 t\u00eb Kievit, i hapi luft\u00eb kazar\u00ebve dhe n\u00eb 968 \u2013 969 e shkat\u00ebrroi kryeqytetin e tyre Itil n\u00eb brigjet e Vollg\u00ebs. \u201cN\u00eb 969, shkruan Solzhenicin, rus\u00ebt pushtuan t\u00eb gjith\u00eb basenin e Vollg\u00ebs dhe anijet ruse b\u00ebnin shfaqjen e tyre pran\u00eb Semenderit, n\u00eb litoralin e Derbentit\u201d.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb mundur n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e betej\u00ebs, kazar\u00ebt ju drejtuan arm\u00ebs religjoze. N\u00eb 984 nj\u00eb delegacion kazar shkoi n\u00eb Kiev me q\u00ebllim konvertimin n\u00eb judaiz\u00ebm e princit Vladimir, q\u00eb 4 vite m\u00eb par\u00eb ishte ngjitur n\u00eb fron. Nga ana e tij, Rus\u2019 kievan ndodhej p\u00ebrpara nevoj\u00ebs s\u00eb nj\u00eb zgjedhjeje fushe gjeopolitike dhe religjoze p\u00ebr t\u2019u zbatuar midis Kostandinopoj\u00ebs, Per\u00ebndimit romako \u2013 gjermanin, zon\u00ebs islamike dhe perandoris\u00eb kazare. \u201c\u00cbsht\u00eb e nj\u00ebjta ceremoni e konvertimit t\u00eb Bulanit\u201d, por k\u00ebsaj radhe zgjedhja \u00ebsht\u00eb ndryshe. Princi Vladimir i refuzoi propozimet e aderimit n\u00eb islam t\u00eb b\u00ebra nga bullgar\u00ebt e Vollg\u00ebs. (Dhe \u201cpasqyrohet mbi at\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndodhte at\u00ebhere kur shteti i par\u00eb rus t\u2019i ishte drejtuar islamit: dalja e nj\u00eb fuqie euraziatike n\u00eb kuptimin e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs q\u00eb periudha e gjat\u00eb e \u201czgjedh\u00ebs\u201d tatare do t\u00eb ishte ankoruar akoma m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb Azi\u201d). Nj\u00eblloj princi refuzoi lutjet e delegacionit katolik t\u00eb ritit latin. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb i dha audienc\u00eb ambasador\u00ebve kazar\u00eb, q\u00eb e ftuan t\u00eb p\u00ebrqafonte judaizmin. Kronika e Nestorit <\/em>regjistron k\u00ebt\u00eb replik\u00eb t\u00eb princit: \u201cSi i m\u00ebsoni t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt n\u00ebse vet\u00eb ju jeni refuzuar nga Zoti dhe shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb? N\u00ebse Zoti do ju kishte dashur ju, at\u00ebhere ju nuk do t\u00eb ishit shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb b\u00ebpr\u00eb territore t\u00eb huaja apo doni q\u00eb kjo t\u00eb na ndodh\u00eb edhe ne?\u201d. N\u00eb fund, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb e njohur, Vladimiri pranoi pag\u00ebzimin sipas ritit grek dhe u martua me nj\u00eb mot\u00ebr t\u00eb Bazilit t\u00eb II, duke ia hapur k\u00ebshtu Rusin\u00eb qytet\u00ebrimit bizantin.<\/p>\n

Filloi n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb nj\u00eb diaspor\u00eb q\u00eb u p\u00ebrhap n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Europ\u00ebn Qendro \u2013 Lindore mbeturinave t\u00eb hebraizmit kazar. Kushdo mund ta kuptoj\u00eb se kjo e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb historike ka pasoja shka\u00ebtrrimtare mbi mitin sionist t\u00eb \u201ckthimit\u201d hebraik n\u00eb Palestin\u00eb. Faktikisht \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00ebse shumica e hebrenjve aktuale e ka origjin\u00ebn nga nj\u00eb popull i ardhur nga Azia Qendrore q\u00eb u ngul midis Vollg\u00ebs, Detit t\u00eb Zi e Dnieprit dhe u p\u00ebrhap n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb Europ\u00ebs Lindore, pretendimi sionist shkat\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb themelin e tij, pasi trashgimtar\u00ebt e sllavizuar t\u00eb nj\u00eb populli altaik nuk mund t\u00eb g\u00ebzojn\u00eb asnj\u00eb t\u00eb \u201cdrejt\u00eb historike\u201d p\u00ebr t\u2019u \u201ckthyer\u201d n\u00eb nj\u00eb tok\u00eb ku paraardh\u00ebsit e tyre nuk kan\u00eb jetuar kurr\u00eb.<\/p>\n

(nga Geopoliticus<\/em>)<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgatiti<\/strong><\/p>\n

ARMIN TIRANA<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jan\u00eb v\u00ebrtet, hebrenjt\u00eb, nj\u00eb \u201cpopull semitik\u201d? N\u00eb nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr q\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00eb provokoi nj\u00eb far\u00eb buje, filozofi francez Roger Garaudy i n\u00ebnshtroi nj\u00eb kritik\u00eb t\u00eb pam\u00ebshirshme atyre q\u00eb ai i quante \u201cLes mythes fondateurs de la politique isra\u00e9lienne\u201d. Garaudy e p\u00ebrdorte fjal\u00ebn mit n\u00eb kuptimin e zgjeruar q\u00eb ai mbante at\u00ebhere kur p\u00ebrcaktonte nj\u00eb rr\u00ebfim …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":63778,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63777","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-kulture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63777","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=63777"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63777\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63778"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=63777"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=63777"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=63777"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}