{"id":64020,"date":"2023-11-17T09:46:20","date_gmt":"2023-11-17T09:46:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/?p=64020"},"modified":"2023-11-17T09:46:20","modified_gmt":"2023-11-17T09:46:20","slug":"argonautet-ruse-ne-rrugen-per-tsushime","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/2023\/11\/17\/argonautet-ruse-ne-rrugen-per-tsushime\/","title":{"rendered":"Argonaut\u00ebt rus\u00eb n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn p\u00ebr Tsushim\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00eb udh\u00ebtimin epik q\u00eb \u00e7oi flot\u00ebn e admiralit Rozhestvenski n\u00eb Lindjen e Larg\u00ebt evidentohen brisht\u00ebsit\u00eb e perandoris\u00eb s\u00eb Romanov\u00ebve, por edhe aktet e heroizmit dhe t\u00eb martirizimit t\u00eb vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm. \u201cFlota deprimuese\u201d ishte d\u00ebnuar me kasaphan\u00eb.<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00eb 11 maj 1891, teksa ishte p\u00ebr vizit\u00eb n\u00eb Otsu t\u00eb Japonis\u00eb, Princi Trash\u00ebgimtar Nikolaj Aleksandrovi\u00e7 Romanov, Nikolla i II i ardhsh\u00ebm, u plagos nga nj\u00eb goditje shpate e shkaktuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb an\u00ebtar i eskort\u00ebs japoneze. P\u00ebr pak nuk pati fundin e gjyshit Aleksandri i III, i vrar\u00eb m\u00eb 1881 prej nj\u00eb bombe n\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Pet\u00ebrsburg. Carevi\u00e7i i mbijetoi sulmit japonez, por armiq\u00ebsia u ushqyer prej tij ndaj jponez\u00ebve nuk do ta braktiste kurr\u00eb. Pas pas incidentit t\u00eb Otsu, Nikolla arriti n\u00eb Vladivostok, porti themeluar gjat\u00eb mbret\u00ebrimit t\u00eb gjyshit t\u00eb vrar\u00eb, nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb Transiberian\u00ebs. Hekurudha do ta b\u00ebnte n\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb udh\u00ebtimin midis Balltikut dhe bregut t\u00eb larg\u00ebt t\u00eb Paq\u00ebsorit, ku car\u00ebt qen\u00eb vendosur me bindjen n\u00eb rritje pas ng\u00ebr\u00e7it t\u00eb Loj\u00ebs s\u00eb Madhe q\u00eb i kishte v\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebrball\u00eb me Britanin\u00eb e Madhe n\u00eb Azin\u00eb Qendrore. T\u00eb d\u00ebnuar nga nj\u00eb gjeografi e pam\u00ebshirshme, me detet e mbyllura prej akujve p\u00ebr shum\u00eb muaj t\u00eb vitit dhe t\u00eb pamund\u00ebsuar q\u00eb t\u00eb arrinin Oqeanin Indian e Mesdheun, \u00abcar\u00ebt nd\u00ebrtonin vila n\u00eb Detin e Zi dhe krijonin kopshte q\u00eb aludonin me d\u00ebshir\u00ebn e zjarrt\u00eb p\u00ebr horizontet e ishujve tirrenian\u00eb dhe egjeas\u00bb. E quajt\u00ebn edhe Zolotoj Rog<\/em> (Bri i Art\u00eb) gjirin e Vladivostokut: nj\u00eb homazh ndaj portit natyral t\u00eb Konstadinopoj\u00ebs, kryeqytetit p\u00ebrrallor t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Bizantine prej s\u00eb cil\u00ebn N\u00ebna e Shenjt\u00eb Rusi kishte trash\u00ebguar simbolet, fen\u00eb, alfabetin dhe kalendarin.<\/p>\n

Nikolla i II qe nj\u00eb car i pasigurt, gjithmon\u00eb i kusht\u00ebzuar nga k\u00ebrkimi p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pushtim ushtarak q\u00eb do t\u2019i vlente legjitimimin e brendsh\u00ebm. Gjat\u00eb mbret\u00ebrimit t\u00eb tij (1894 \u2013 1917) perandori dhe autokrati i gjith\u00eb Rusive u manipulua nga figura q\u00eb shikonin tek Lindja rrug\u00ebn natyrore e zhvillimit t\u00eb perandoris\u00eb. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit ndoshta nuk ishte rast\u00ebsi q\u00eb nj\u00eb prej simboleve t\u00eb trash\u00ebguara nga bizantin\u00ebt ishte shqiponja, q\u00eb me dy kokat shikonte nga per\u00ebndimi dhe nga lindja. Legjenda lindore e nj\u00eb \u00abcari t\u00eb bardh\u00eb\u00bb i destinuar q\u00eb t\u00eb mbret\u00ebronte mbi t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Azin\u00eb, e ushqyer nga sh\u00ebruesi popullor Pet\u00ebr Badmaev, nxiste fantazit\u00eb e monarkut si nj\u00eb p\u00ebrrall\u00eb do t\u00eb b\u00ebnte me nj\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb. N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb pak r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi ka n\u00ebse \u00abzgjerimi i territorit n\u00ebnkuptonte rritje t\u00eb dob\u00ebsis\u00eb\u00bb, si\u00e7 kishte v\u00ebrejtur Aleksandr Gorshakov, minist\u00ebr i Jasht\u00ebm nga 1856 deri m\u00eb 1882, por duke mbetur i pad\u00ebgjuar.<\/p>\n

Pastaj kishte edhe figura t\u00eb tjera, shpesh t\u00eb ushqyer m\u00eb shum\u00eb nga interesa personale sesa nga dashuria p\u00ebr atdheun, sipas t\u00eb cilit flamuri rus, tashm\u00eb i ulur n\u00eb Alask\u00eb pas shitjes Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara (1867), duhej t\u00eb vigj\u00eblonte nga Ngushtica e Beringut n\u00eb Man\u00e7uri, duke kaluar n\u00ebp\u00ebr Kore: midis k\u00ebtyre nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsi Bezobrazov dhe Duka i Madh Aleksandr, kunati i Nikoll\u00ebs s\u00eb II. Edhe nj\u00eb kush\u00ebri i Carit, Kajzeri Vilhelm i II, ushtroi nj\u00eb influenc\u00eb mbi Nikoll\u00ebn. Min\u00eb me sahat i mbret\u00ebror\u00ebve europian\u00eb, m\u00eb 1890 Vilhelmi kishte miratuar Weltpolitik<\/em> e tij pasi kishte hequr qafe Bismarck, i cili nj\u00eb dit\u00eb kishte th\u00ebn\u00eb se \u00abe gjith\u00eb Lindja nuk vlen eshtrat e nj\u00eb granatieri t\u00eb vet\u00ebm pomeranas\u00bb. Pavar\u00ebsisht k\u00ebsaj, megjith\u00ebse ishte i lir\u00eb tani q\u00eb t\u00eb shikonte bot\u00ebn, Kajzeri nuk ushqente ambicie t\u00eb m\u00ebdha ndaj Lindjes s\u00eb Larg\u00ebt (ishte m\u00eb i interesuar ndaj Atlantikut dhe Europ\u00ebs) dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb ishte i gatsh\u00ebm q\u00eb t\u00eb mb\u00ebshteste synimet ruse n\u00eb rajon, ndoshta n\u00eb shk\u00ebmbim t\u00eb nj\u00eb aleance antibritanike.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb fundim, ai q\u00eb e drejtoi Carin qe ministri dinak i Financave Sergej Julevi\u00e7 Vitte. Pinjoll i nj\u00eb familjeje fisnike me origjin\u00eb flamande dhe balltiko \u2013 gjermane, edhe ai ishte i t\u00ebrhequr nga Lindja dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb ar\u00ebsye promovoi marr\u00ebveshje diplomatike dhe treg\u00ebtare me Kin\u00ebn e dinastis\u00eb Qing, nj\u00eb modus operandi<\/em> q\u00eb parap\u00eblqente n\u00eb vend t\u00eb luft\u00ebrave kushtushme dhe me rezultat t\u00eb paparashikuesh\u00ebm. Qe k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb n\u00eb pallat u hodh\u00ebn far\u00ebrat p\u00ebr p\u00ebrplasjen ne aktorin tjet\u00ebr protagonist t\u00eb Lindjes s\u00eb Larg\u00ebt: Japonis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb kund\u00ebrt mosbesues<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kontaktet e para midia rus\u00ebve dhe japonez\u00ebve i p\u00ebrkasin shekullit t\u00eb XVIII, kur Daikokuya Kaday\u00fb, kapiten i anijes \u201cShinsho-maru\u201d, fillimisht u p\u00ebrplas n\u00eb Ishujt Aleutine, pas k\u00ebsaj u ankorua n\u00eb Rusin\u00eb kontinentale. Qe Katerina e II q\u00eb e priti personalisht n\u00eb kryeqytet dhe q\u00eb e autorizoi t\u00eb rikthehej n\u00eb Japoni m\u00eb 1791, pas 9 vitesh mungese nga atdheu. M\u00eb 1811 oficeri i marin\u00ebs Vasilij Golovnin u burgos n\u00eb Japoni pse kishte zbarkuar n\u00eb Kunashir, m\u00eb jugori i Ishujve Kurile: p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb hart\u00eb ishullin kishte shkelur sakoku<\/em>, regjimin autarkik n\u00eb fuqi nga shekulli i XVII n\u00eb Japonin\u00eb e shogun\u00ebve. Golovnin u l\u00ebshua m\u00eb 1813 dhe kriza u tejkalua. M\u00eb 1855 Traktati i Shimoda, i firmosur pas nj\u00eb viti t\u00eb hapjes s\u00eb Japonis\u00eb ndaj Per\u00ebndimit pas presioneve t\u00eb komodorit Matthew C. Perry, sanksionoi sovranitetin e dyfisht\u00eb mbi Kurilet, por la t\u00eb paqart\u00eb statusin e Sakhalin. Ky ishull i madh m\u00eb pas ju caktua Rusis\u00eb p\u00ebr\u00eb shkak t\u00eb Traktatit t\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Pet\u00ebrsburgut (1875), nd\u00ebrsa Kurilet i kaluan Japonis\u00eb. Kjo e fundit para pak koh\u00ebsh kishte nisur reformat e er\u00ebs Meiji (1868 \u2013 1912) q\u00eb brenda pak dekadash do ta b\u00ebnin nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb industrializuar, modern dhe ushtarakisht n\u00eb pararoj\u00eb.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb 1895, pas luft\u00ebs kino \u2013 japoneze, Tokio hoqi dor\u00eb nga disa pushtime p\u00ebr t\u2019i k\u00ebnaqur vendet per\u00ebndimore, p\u00ebrfshi Rusin\u00eb. I ktheu Kin\u00ebs Man\u00e7urin\u00eb dhe gadishullin Liaodong me portin e Lushun, i njohur m\u00eb mir\u00eb si Port Arthur. Qe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00eb q\u00eb Vitte, me ciniz\u00ebm dhe oportuniz\u00ebm, lidhi nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje me qeverin\u00eb perandorake kineze q\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm u mund\u00ebsonte rus\u00ebve t\u00eb kalonin me Transiberian\u00ebn n\u00eb territorin man\u00e7urian, duke e shkurtuar rrug\u00ebn dhe duke i ulur kostot e nd\u00ebrtimit, por vuloste nj\u00eb aleanc\u00eb antijaponeze n\u00eb kuptimin e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs. Port Arthur u b\u00eb k\u00ebshtu baz\u00eb detare ruse: blerje e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme pasi ky port, ndryshe nga Vladivostoku, nuk zinte akull n\u00eb muajt e dimrit. Si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb e kuptueshme, n\u00eb Tokio k\u00ebto zhvillime u pan\u00eb si nj\u00eb provokim i papranuesh\u00ebm. Nevoj\u00ebs ju adresuan propozime, por historikisht Sh\u00ebn Pet\u00ebrsburgu shpesh kishte preferuar rrezikun e nj\u00eb humbjeje ushtarake n\u00eb vend t\u00eb nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjeje, gj\u00eb e shpjegueshme me faktin q\u00eb Rusia \u00abpjes\u00ebrisht i p\u00ebrket Europ\u00ebs dhe pjes\u00ebrisht Azis\u00eb. N\u00eb Per\u00ebndim merrte pjes\u00eb n\u00eb Koncertin e Europ\u00ebs dhe n\u00eb rregullat e sofistikuara e ekuilibrit t\u00eb forcave (\u2026). N\u00eb Azin\u00eb Qendrore ndodhej p\u00ebrball\u00eb principatash t\u00eb dob\u00ebta ndaj t\u00eb cilabe nuk ishte e zbatueshme kjo strategji dhe derikur nuk u ndesh me Japonin\u00eb qe n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb zgjerohej n\u00eb Siberi\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Propozimet p\u00ebr kompromis u injoruan. Durimi i Tokios u sos me refuzimin e prer\u00eb t\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Pet\u00ebrsburgut p\u00ebr t\u00eb hequr dor\u00eb nga pretendimet ndaj Kores\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebmbim t\u00eb njohjes japoneze t\u00eb Man\u00e7uris\u00eb ruse. Nat\u00ebn midis 8 dhe 9 shkurtit 1904, pa u b\u00ebr\u00eb as edhe nj\u00eb shpallje lufte, nj\u00eb skuad\u00ebr japoneze n\u00ebn komand\u00ebn e Togo Heihachiro (1848 \u2013 1934) d\u00ebmtoi disa anije ruse n\u00eb gjirin e Port Arthur. T\u00eb nes\u00ebrmen, pasi kryq\u00ebzori \u201cVarjag\u201d u ndoq dhe u godit n\u00eb gjirin e Chemulpo (Kore), nd\u00ebrsa ekuipazhi i kanonier\u00ebs \u201cKoreec\u201d u vet\u00ebmbyt p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos u dor\u00ebzuar. P\u00ebrderisa Port Arthur nuk ishte i pajisur q\u00eb t\u00eb kryente operacione riparimi, faktikisht disa anije nuk mund\u00ebn t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoreshin m\u00eb, por u desh\u00ebn muaj dhe p\u00ebrplasje t\u00eb tjera q\u00eb fitorja strategjike japoneze t\u00eb b\u00ebhej e qart\u00eb. Fal\u00eb qasjes s\u00eb admiralit Stepan Makarov, q\u00eb u d\u00ebrgua n\u00eb kryqytet, rus\u00ebt arrit\u00ebn q\u00eb ta ringren\u00eb pak kok\u00ebn: por m\u00eb 13 prill edhe Makarov derdhi tributin e tij t\u00eb gjakut. Luftanija \u201cPetropavlovsk\u201d n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ndodhej u ndesh me nj\u00eb min\u00eb dhe u mbyt brenda 2 minutash, duke vrar\u00eb admiralin, 26 oficer\u00eb, 652 marinar\u00eb dhe piktorin e luft\u00ebs Veresh\u00e7agin. N\u00eb muajin maj, prej mjegull\u00ebs, edhe rus\u00ebt vendosn\u00eb mina q\u00eb i shkaktuan humbje Togo. Por me Skuadronin e Par\u00eb rus t\u00eb Paq\u00ebsorit n\u00eb gjunj\u00eb, japonez\u00ebt pat\u00ebn rrug\u00ebn e lir\u00eb n\u00eb Man\u00e7uri dhe n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb kontinentit.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgatitjet<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb Rusi sulmi ndaj Port Arthur u konsiderua aq i posht\u00ebr aq sa deri student\u00ebt, q\u00eb sigurisht nuk e donin Carin, u grumbulluan p\u00ebrreth \u00abautokratit t\u00eb 1\/6 t\u00eb bot\u00ebs\u00bb, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb mbijetuarit e \u201cVarjag\u201d p\u00ebrsh\u00ebndeteshin n\u00eb atdhe si heronj. Por reagimi rus priti. Sikur ushtar\u00ebt t\u00eb mund t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoheshin n\u00eb Lindje n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet hekurudh\u00ebs, e nj\u00ebjta nuk mund t\u00eb vlente p\u00ebr anijet. P\u00ebrderisa Togo g\u00ebzonte tashm\u00eb liri absolute, p\u00ebr t\u00eb riintegruar pranin\u00eb e nj\u00ebsive ruse n\u00eb Lindje qe e nevojshme t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e flot\u00ebs s\u00eb Balltikut. Logjistikisht sfida ishte komplekse. Anijet konsumonin shum\u00eb qymyr. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 karburantit, duheshin transportuar sasi kolosale furnizimesh ushqimore, uji, duhej siguruar asistenca p\u00ebr anijet dhe t\u00eb komunikohej me kryeqytetin; s\u00eb fundi, u duhej ofruar nj\u00eb minimum d\u00ebfrimi mij\u00ebra marinar\u00ebve q\u00eb mund t\u00eb rebeloheshin. Sikur t\u00eb mos mjaftonte, marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet me Londr\u00ebn, padrone e deteve dhe e shum\u00eb kolonive n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn drejt Lindjes, qen\u00eb t\u00eb kusht\u00ebzuara nga aleanca e n\u00ebnshkruar m\u00eb 1902 midis Britanis\u00eb s\u00eb Madhe dhe Japonis\u00eb p\u00ebr ta shtyr\u00eb \u00abariun rus drejt d\u00ebbor\u00ebs siberiane\u00bb. Misioni paraqitej k\u00ebshtu thuajse i pamundur. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb faz\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Pet\u00ebrsburgu ishte politikisht af\u00ebr me Berlinin dhe Parisin: me t\u00eb dytin kishte firmosur m\u00eb 1894 b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn e asaj q\u00eb, me t\u2019u zgjeruar, do t\u00eb b\u00ebhej Antanta. Por pasja e miqve nuk n\u00ebnkuptonte automatikisht se k\u00ebta do t\u00eb kontribuonin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pafytyr\u00eb ndaj kauz\u00ebs ruse: faktikisht, n\u00eb politik\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka e ka nj\u00eb kosto dhe, pastaj, p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha pal\u00ebt nd\u00ebrluftuese kishte nj\u00eb neutralitet p\u00ebr t\u2019u respektuar. T\u00eb pakt\u00ebn fasade.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr krijimin e Skuadronit t\u00eb Dyt\u00eb t\u00eb Paq\u00ebsorit u zgjodh nj\u00eb admiral me kurrikulum t\u00eb p\u00ebrkryer, por me karakter vullkanik: Zinovi Petrovi\u00eb Rozhestvenski. I lindur m\u00eb 1848, origjina e tij linte pak dyshime se kishte arritur ta \u00e7ante rrug\u00ebn me merit\u00eb dhe jo fal\u00eb nepotizmit g\u00eblues, nj\u00eb prej plag\u00ebve t\u00eb shumta q\u00eb d\u00ebrrmonin perandorin\u00eb Ruse dhe, p\u00ebr reflektim, flot\u00ebn e tij, i fresk\u00ebt nga em\u00ebrimi si Shef i Shtatmadhoris\u00eb s\u00eb Marin\u00ebs, Rozhestvenski e kishte fituar p\u00ebrkrahjen e Carit m\u00eb 1902, gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb manovre detare ku autokrati i Rusis\u00eb asistoi bashk\u00eb me Kajzerin. T\u00eb dy monark\u00ebt pat\u00ebn mund\u00ebsi q\u00eb ta vler\u00ebsojn\u00eb temperamentin e admiralit, kur i mb\u00ebrthyer nga zem\u00ebrimi, e pan\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb flakte nj\u00eb dylbi n\u00eb det. Sfidat q\u00eb Rozhestvenskit ju desh t\u00eb p\u00ebrballoj\u00eb m\u00eb 1904 qen\u00eb t\u00eb shumta. Midis m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtirave qe distanca e madhe p\u00ebr t\u2019u p\u00ebrshkruar: mizoria e gjeografis\u00eb vazhdonte q\u00eb ta persekutonte Rusin\u00eb. Rruga m\u00eb e shkurt\u00ebr p\u00ebr teatrin e luft\u00ebs, duke kaluar nga Suezi, qen\u00eb n\u00eb rendin e 13000 miljeve detare; m\u00eb e gjata, po t\u2019i bije nga Kepi Horn (Kanali i Panamas\u00eb nuk ishte ende operativ), shkonte n\u00eb 20000, pak m\u00eb pak se perimetri i globit; nj\u00eb opsion i tret\u00eb, i nd\u00ebrmjetmi, k\u00ebrkonte dyfishimin e Kepit t\u00eb Shpres\u00ebs s\u00eb Mir\u00eb, gj\u00eb q\u00eb e zgjaste me 4000 milje detare rrug\u00ebn n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet Suezit, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb total prej 17000 miljesh detare. Mund t\u00eb mendohet se distancat kan\u00eb qen\u00eb problemi m\u00eb i madh p\u00ebr t\u2019u zgjidhur n\u00eb muajt q\u00eb i paraprin\u00eb Tcushim\u00ebs; n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, burimi m\u00eb i madh i frustrimit qe p\u00ebr Rozhestvenskin burokracia asfiksuese q\u00eb ngadal\u00ebsonre, shp\u00ebrfytyronte dhe b\u00ebnte t\u00eb kota vendimet e tij. Qysh nga mbledhjet e para u b\u00eb e qart\u00eb se admiralit do t\u2019i duhej t\u00eb pranonte kompromise: nj\u00eb flot\u00eb johomogjene, me disa anije t\u00eb dalamode q\u00eb do t\u00eb ishin nj\u00eb barr\u00eb, munges\u00eb municionesh dhe deri varka n\u00eb bordin e anijeve, pasi marinar\u00ebve nuk u mjaftonin as k\u00ebto. Problemi i mpreht\u00eb i karburantit u zgjidh fal\u00eb nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje me Hapag<\/em>, kompanin\u00eb armatore gjermane q\u00eb do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgonte piroskaf\u00eb t\u00eb ngarkuar me qymyr p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb itinerarit; p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet e tjera ju besua rrjetit t\u00eb Moisej Ginsburg, ish furnizues i rus\u00ebve n\u00eb Man\u00e7uri. Premisat q\u00eb \u00abargonaut\u00ebt\u00bb rus\u00eb t\u00eb merrnin detin po fitonin form\u00eb; q\u00eb pastaj Jazoni \u2013 Rozhestvenski t\u00eb mund t\u00eb kthehej n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi me nj\u00eb Bashk\u00eb t\u00eb Art\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb sh\u00ebronte s\u00ebmundjet e Rusis\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb muhabet krejt\u00ebsisht tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

Rruga drejt s\u00eb panjohur\u00ebs<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00eb 10 gusht 1904 admirali Wilhelm With\u00f6ft, q\u00eb kishte z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar t\u00eb ndjerin Makarov n\u00eb komand\u00ebn e Skuadronit t\u00eb Par\u00eb t\u00eb Paq\u00ebsorit, hyri n\u00eb betej\u00eb me Togo n\u00eb gjirin e Port Arthur, tashm\u00eb i rrethuar nga toka, n\u00eb tentativ\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u2019i transferuar anijet n\u00eb Vladivostok. Por p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb bllokimit japonez nj\u00ebsive ruse ju desh q\u00eb t\u00eb riktheheshin n\u00eb Port Arthur ose t\u00eb strehoheshin n\u00eb porte neutrale, fat q\u00eb i ka takuar edhe luftanijes \u201cCesarevitsch\u201d n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn vdiq vet\u00eb With\u00f6ft. Me ardhjen e lajmit t\u00eb katastrof\u00ebs s\u00eb radh\u00ebs, n\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Pet\u00ebrsburg u rrit\u00ebn presionet me q\u00ebllim q\u00eb t\u00eb nisej Skuadroni i Dyt\u00eb i Paq\u00ebsorit. Me 29 anije (t\u00eb cilave do t\u2019ju shtoheshin t\u00eb tjera), ky u largua nga arsenali i Kronshtadtit m\u00eb 11 shtator 1904: kishin kaluar 7 muaj nga sulmi i par\u00eb ndaj Port Arthur dhe nga shp\u00ebrthimi i luft\u00ebs ruso \u2013 japoneze. Si\u00e7 parashikohej nga Rozhestvenski \u2013 i cili nuk ushqente kurrfar\u00eb besimi tek misioni \u2013 \u00abflota deprimuese\u00bb n\u00eb komand\u00ebn e tij mbeti viktim\u00eb qysh n\u00eb Detin Balltik nga avarit\u00eb e para q\u00eb e ngadal\u00ebsuan. Shpejt u b\u00eb e qart\u00eb se nisja nuk do t\u2019u jepte fund kompromiseve dhe diskutimeve. P\u00ebrkundrazi, admirali u persekutua gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb udh\u00ebtimit, \u00e7do her\u00eb q\u00eb merrte kabllogram nga Sh\u00ebn Pet\u00ebrsburgu n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet stacioneve telegrafike tok\u00ebsore. Por rreziqet m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha erdh\u00ebn nat\u00ebn midis 21 dhe 22 tetorit n\u00eb cektinat angleze t\u00eb Dogger Bank, kur nj\u00eb flot\u00eb peshkarexhash u ngat\u00ebrrua p\u00ebr torpediniera armike prani fantazmagorike e s\u00eb cil\u00ebs u sinjalizua nga inteligjenca ruse. Luftanija \u201cSuvorov\u201d, admiralja e Rozhestvenski, mbyti nj\u00eb dhe d\u00ebmtoi t\u00eb tjera, duke vrar\u00eb dy peshkatar\u00eb nga Hull.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rr\u00ebmuj\u00eb dy nj\u00ebsi ruse u godit\u00ebn nga zjarri armik. Kapelani i kryq\u00ebzorit \u201cAvrora\u201d, q\u00eb n\u00eb 1917 do shp\u00ebrthente krism\u00ebn e par\u00eb e Revolucionit t\u00eb Tetorit, qe viktima e par\u00eb ruse. Shtypi anglez i ngjiti Rozhestvenski nj\u00eb nofk\u00eb pak t\u00eb bukur: Mad Dog<\/em>. Kriza q\u00eb pasoi e \u00e7oi Rusin\u00eb dhe Britanin\u00eb e Madhe n\u00eb pragun e luft\u00ebs. Fatmir\u00ebsisht p\u00ebr rus\u00ebt, skuadroni e vazhdoi udh\u00ebtimin pa incidente t\u00eb tjera. Megjithat, n\u00eb Tangeri asaj ju desh q\u00eb t\u00eb ndahej. Duke qen\u00eb Suezi n\u00ebn kontrollin e britanik\u00ebve, Rozhestvenski nuk mund t\u00eb rrezikonte q\u00eb t\u00eb ngecte n\u00eb Egjipt dhe k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb la takin n\u00eb Madagaskar me disa anije q\u00eb ja besoi Dmitrij F\u00f6lkersahmit, nj\u00eb prej admiral\u00ebve t\u00eb pak\u00ebt q\u00eb \u00e7monte n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Rusin\u00eb. Sikur k\u00ebto anije t\u00eb ishin bllokuar n\u00eb Suez, Mad Dog do t\u00eb kishte mundur ta arrinte Lindjen e Larg\u00ebt me nj\u00ebsit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mira n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet Kepit t\u00eb Shpres\u00ebs s\u00eb Mir\u00eb. Rruga e Afrik\u00ebs nga Maroku n\u00eb Nosy B\u00e9 (Madagaskar), ku skuadroni do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb rikompakt\u00ebsohej, k\u00ebrkoi 2 muaj: takimi i mezipritur ndodhi m\u00eb 8 janar 1905. 6 dit\u00eb p\u00ebrpara kishze r\u00ebn\u00eb Port Arthur. Edhe kryeqyteti rus ja kalonte keq: faktikisht, m\u00eb 22 janar filloi revolucioni q\u00eb nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb pas do ta detyronte Carin t\u00eb lejonte nj\u00eb kushtetut\u00eb dhe ta njihte Dum\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos r\u00ebn\u00eb nga froni.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb jav\u00ebt e v\u00ebshtira t\u00eb kaluara n\u00eb Nosy B\u00e9, n\u00eb pritjen e kot\u00eb e marrjes nga Rusia \u2013 kund\u00ebr vullnetit t\u00eb Rozhestvenski \u2013 Skuadroni i Tret\u00eb i Paq\u00ebsorit i Nikolaj Nebogatovit, ndodhi gjith\u00e7ka. N\u00eb pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe me origjin\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb, marinar\u00ebt ushqenin nj\u00eb antipati natyrale ndaj oficer\u00ebve q\u00eb i konsideronin n\u00eb rangun e parazit\u00ebve. Kjo u ashp\u00ebrsua edhe m\u00eb nga urrejtja, nga klima e padurueshme dhe nga z\u00ebrat lidhur me revolucionin. Disa dhan\u00eb shenja mosdurimi, mos \u00e7ekuilibrimi n\u00eb kuptimin e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs. Disa u m\u00ebrzit\u00ebn; disa vdiq\u00ebn nga i nxehti, infarkti, u mbyt\u00ebn apo u s\u00ebmur\u00ebn me tuberkuloz. P\u00ebr fat, nj\u00eb anije spital e ndiqte skuadronin, p\u00ebrndryshe numri i t\u00eb vdekurve do t\u00eb kishte qen\u00eb i friksh\u00ebm. Pavar\u00ebsisht k\u00ebsaj, kur m\u00eb 14 maj la Indokin\u00ebn (etapa e radh\u00ebs e \u00abdetyruar\u00bb, duke qen\u00eb koloni e aleatit francez), Mad Dog<\/em> kishte humbur 30 marinar\u00eb e ushtarak\u00eb dhe kishte d\u00ebrguar n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 50 njer\u00ebz: disa n\u00eb gjendje arrestimi, shum\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb prekur nga depresioni apo nga probleme mendore. Por m\u00eb 9 t\u00eb k\u00ebtij muaju p\u00ebrforcimet e Nebogatovit i qen\u00eb bashkuar grupit. Duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb transportet dhe nj\u00ebsit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla, Rozhestvenski mund t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetej tani mbi nja 50 anije q\u00eb nuk do t\u2019i mjaftonin p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrballua armikun n\u00eb Tcushim\u00eb m\u00eb 27 maj 1905. Prej anijeve q\u00eb mor\u00ebn pjes\u00eb n\u00eb luftime, u mbyt\u00ebn 21 dhe u kap\u00ebn 7; t\u00eb tjerat, midis t\u00eb cil\u00ebve \u201cAvrora\u201d, u strehuan n\u00eb Filipine, n\u00eb at\u00ebbot\u00eb posedim amerikan, ku u internuan deri n\u00eb fund t\u00eb luftimeve. Mbi 5000 marinar\u00eb rus\u00eb humb\u00ebn jet\u00ebn dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 6000 u burgos\u00ebn. Midis k\u00ebtyre Rozhestvenski, i cili u plagos r\u00ebnd\u00eb n\u00eb kok\u00eb. Me 117 t\u00eb vdekur dhe 3 torpediniera t\u00eb mbytura, \u00e7mimi i paguar nga japonez\u00ebt qe padiskutim i pranuesh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Katastrofa e Rusis\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00abTsushima\u00bb evokon n\u00eb gjeneratat ruse m\u00eb t\u00eb moshuara nj\u00eb humbje t\u00eb turpshme. \u00cbsht\u00eb pakashum\u00eb ekuivalenti i \u00abCaporetto\u00bb p\u00ebr italian\u00ebt, ama me r\u00ebnduesin q\u00eb nd\u00ebrsa Isonzo dhe Kobaridi i sot\u00ebm qen\u00eb teatri i inj\u00eb beteje t\u00eb humbur n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00eb lufte t\u00eb fituar, Tsushima q\u00eb p\u00ebr rus\u00ebt nj\u00eb humbje e paapelueshme, prej atyre n\u00eb gjendje ta b\u00ebnin fitimtarin padron t\u00eb nj\u00eb deti t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebr 40 vitet e ardhshme. P\u00ebr t\u00eb mos folur pastaj p\u00ebr humbjet territoriale, t\u00eb kulmuara n\u00eb cedimin e Ishujve Kurrile, t\u00eb gjysm\u00ebs jugore t\u00eb Ishujve Sakhalin dhe t\u00eb posedimeve n\u00eb Kore e Man\u00e7uri. Superioriteti i Marin\u00ebs japoneze \u2013 nga efikasiteti i predhave t\u00eb mbushura me acid pirik tek trajektorja m\u00eb e gjat\u00eb e gjuajtjes, duke kaluar p\u00ebr nga zhd\u00ebrvjellt\u00ebsia dhe shpejt\u00ebsia e anijeve \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb analizuar gjer\u00ebsisht nga historian\u00ebt. Konstantin Pleshakov ka merit\u00ebn q\u00eb ka nxjerr\u00eb n\u00eb drit\u00eb dokumenta q\u00eb kan\u00eb mund\u00ebsuar t\u00eb rind\u00ebrtohen aspekte m\u00eb pak t\u00eb njohura t\u00eb lidhura me burokracin\u00eb, diplomacin\u00eb dhe me p\u00ebrgatitjet p\u00ebr betej\u00ebn. Pak jan\u00eb preokupuar p\u00ebr ta ekzaltuar vler\u00ebn, kuraj\u00ebn dhe rezistenc\u00ebn e \u00abargonaut\u00ebve\u00bb rus\u00eb n\u00eb Tsushima, ka shum\u00eb t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb n\u00eb tentativ\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb fshehur nj\u00eb faqe pak fatlume brenda nj\u00eb perdeje tymi q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e shpifur se humbja n\u00eb vet\u00ebvete. Me p\u00ebrjashtime t\u00eb rralla, marinar\u00ebt rus\u00eb b\u00ebn\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht detyr\u00ebn e tyre deri n\u00eb fund n\u00eb ato muaj t\u00eb gjat\u00eb lundrimi nga Kronshtadi n\u00eb momentin ku, n\u00eb af\u00ebrsin\u00eb e nj\u00eb beteje t\u00eb cil\u00ebs i nuhasnin rezultatin fatkeq, vesh\u00ebn t\u00eb bardha dhe veshje t\u00eb pastra n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me zakonin rus t\u00eb kujt p\u00ebrgatitet t\u00eb ndeshet ball\u00ebhapur me vdekjen.<\/p>\n

Pastaj \u00ebsht\u00eb Zinovi Rozhestvenski. Marina e Bashkimit Sovjetik dhe e Federat\u00ebs Ruse i kan\u00eb quajtur anije t\u00eb ndryshme \u201cVarjag\u201d e \u201cMakarov\u201d, por asnj\u00ebra nuk mban emrin e Jazonit rus, pavar\u00ebsisht se ky kishte ngritur n\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00eb nj\u00eb mrekulli t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb madhe logjistike q\u00eb preku shum\u00eb dete dhe t\u00eb gjith\u00eb oqeanet, kund\u00ebr gjith\u00e7kaje dhe kund\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve. Gjat\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tij Rozhestvenski u persekutua nga denigrues q\u00eb ja kishin zili integritetin moral dhe q\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb vendosur ta asgj\u00ebsonin, sikur t\u00eb mos i mjaftonin problemet fizike. Qe gjithmon\u00eb koherent dhe kur u d\u00ebrgua p\u00ebr gjykim (nj\u00eb proces i p\u00ebrfunduar me nj\u00eb pafaj\u00ebsi) mori p\u00ebrsip\u00ebr edhe faje jo t\u00eb tij boll q\u00eb t\u00eb mbronte at\u00eb q\u00eb e kishin d\u00ebrguar n\u00eb kasaphan\u00eb at\u00eb dhe njer\u00ebzit e tij, n\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb Carin. Natyrisht, edhe Rozhestvenski kishte dob\u00ebsit\u00eb e tij. Ishte nj\u00eb feminist serial (pati nj\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie edhe me gruan e Makarov); mbi t\u00eb gjitha, ishte kolerik dhe skllav i nj\u00eb karakteri t\u00eb komplikuar, n\u00eb pik\u00ebn q\u00eb personeli i Marin\u00ebs imbarkoi 50 pal\u00eb dylbi t\u00eb mira n\u00eb anijen kryesore t\u00eb tij, i sigurt\u00eb se do t\u00eb hidheshin n\u00eb det shumica n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn drejt Orientit. Por m\u00ebkati i tij m\u00eb i madh qe q\u00eb i mbijetoi katastrof\u00ebs. Pleshakovi mendon se \u00absikur Rozhestvenski t\u00eb kishte vdekur n\u00eb betej\u00eb, do t\u00eb kishte hyr\u00eb n\u00eb panteonn rus \u2013 jo sovjetik \u2013 e heronjve ushtarak\u00eb; ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, e gjith\u00eb epopeja e udh\u00ebtimit do t\u00eb kishte hyr\u00eb n\u00eb histori si nj\u00eb shembull i heroizmit dhe jo so di\u00e7ka e \u00e7mendur. (\u2026) Rehabilitimi i figur\u00ebs s\u00eb tij nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb axhend\u00eb, por Rozhestvenski ka qen\u00eb dhe mbetet nj\u00eb hero: nj\u00eb Sizif rus, i braktisur, i tradh\u00ebtuar, i moskuptuar, por i fort\u00eb n\u00eb vetmin\u00eb dhe dhimbjen e tij\u00bb.<\/p>\n

(nga Limes<\/em>)<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgatiti<\/strong><\/p>\n

ARMIN TIRANA<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00eb udh\u00ebtimin epik q\u00eb \u00e7oi flot\u00ebn e admiralit Rozhestvenski n\u00eb Lindjen e Larg\u00ebt evidentohen brisht\u00ebsit\u00eb e perandoris\u00eb s\u00eb Romanov\u00ebve, por edhe aktet e heroizmit dhe t\u00eb martirizimit t\u00eb vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm. \u201cFlota deprimuese\u201d ishte d\u00ebnuar me kasaphan\u00eb. M\u00eb 11 maj 1891, teksa ishte p\u00ebr vizit\u00eb n\u00eb Otsu t\u00eb Japonis\u00eb, Princi Trash\u00ebgimtar Nikolaj Aleksandrovi\u00e7 Romanov, Nikolla i II …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":64021,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-64020","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-kulture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64020","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64020"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64020\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/64021"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64020"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64020"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64020"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}