Protagonisti m\u00eb influent dhe kontradiktor i politik\u00ebs nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb XX-t\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb historian me fam\u00eb. Henry Kissinger u p\u00ebrgjigjet pyetjeve t\u00eb Niall Ferguson p\u00ebr llogari t\u00eb National Geographic Channel. K\u00ebshilltari i Siguris\u00eb Komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Presidentit Richard Nixon dhe m\u00eb pas Sekretar Shteti p\u00ebrball\u00eb historianit dhe editorialistit, autor i \u201cEmpire\u201d (lidhur me Perandorin\u00eb Britanike) dhe \u201cColossus\u201d (lidhur me at\u00eb amerikane). M\u00eb posht\u00eb po p\u00ebrcjellim disa pjes\u00eb:<\/p>\n
Kissinger:<\/strong> Duhet t\u00eb kuptosh se je n\u00eb krye t\u00eb nj\u00eb procesi historik me nj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb paprecedent. [\u2026] Sigurisht q\u00eb do t\u00eb b\u00ebja t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat zgjedhje, sado t\u00eb dhimbshme t\u00eb ken\u00eb qen\u00eb. [\u2026] N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00ebs time nuk kam interest \u00eb fitoj nj\u00eb sfid\u00eb popullariteti n\u00eb Google. Duhet t\u00eb reflektoj lidhur me \u00e7ka kam b\u00ebr\u00eb, t\u00eb shkruaj dhe t\u00eb jem fatalist lidhur me t\u00eb.<\/p>\n Raporti me Richard Nixon<\/strong><\/p>\n K<\/strong>: Pas zgjedhjeve t\u00eb vitit 1968, Nixon m\u00eb ftoi pran\u00eb shtabit qendror t\u00eb tij n\u00eb Pierre Hotel t\u00eb New York. \/ M\u00eb foli p\u00ebr situat\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr rreth 2 or\u00eb \u2013 e dija se donte di\u00e7ka nga un\u00eb, por nuk e kuptoja se \u00e7far\u00eb. Nj\u00eb jav\u00eb m\u00eb pas John Mitchell, nj\u00eb nga njer\u00ebzit m\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrt me Nixon n\u00eb at\u00eb periudh\u00eb, m\u00eb telefonoi p\u00ebr t\u00eb m\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar n\u00ebse e pranoja postin. Un\u00eb e pyeta: Cilin?<\/p>\n K<\/strong>: Gjithmon\u00eb kam menduar se p\u00ebr t\u00eb shpjeguar personalitetin e Richard Nixon do t\u00eb ishte e nevojshme aft\u00ebsia e Shakespeare. Paras\u00ebgjithash qen\u00eb kaq shum\u00eb Nixon! Duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb ndjer\u00eb i refuzuar nga dikush n\u00eb mosh\u00eb t\u00eb re. [\u2026] Nixon nuk kishte miq t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb, aq un\u00eb nuk isha mik i ngusht\u00eb me t\u00eb. \/ Nuk kishte jet\u00eb sociale. Nuk shikohej me ask\u00ebnd. [\u2026] Duhet kujtuar se nuk ishte i p\u00ebrgatitur t\u00eb b\u00ebnte politikanin. Urrente t\u00eb njihte njer\u00ebz t\u00eb rinj. Ndjehej gjithmon\u00eb i k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuar. [\u2026] Pas \u00e7do diskutimi pretendonte q\u00eb asistent\u00ebt e tij t\u2019i telefononin p\u00ebr t\u2019i th\u00ebn\u00eb se ishte i zoti, gj\u00eb q\u00eb e bindte se nuk kishte qen\u00eb edhe aq keq. Influence ime varej nga raporti me Nixon. \/ I telefonoja 10 her\u00eb n\u00eb dit\u00eb dhe e takoja \u00e7do her\u00eb q\u00eb mundesha. Kalonim shum\u00eb koh\u00eb duke diskutuar me zjarr. [\u2026]\n K<\/strong>: N\u00eb janarin e 1969, Shtetet e Bashkuara qen\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje jasht\u00ebzakonisht t\u00eb komplikuar. \/ Kishin kaluar 3 vjet nga fillimi i luft\u00ebs n\u00eb Vietnam. At\u00eb vit, protesta ishte b\u00ebr\u00eb luftarake dhe e dhunshme. \/ N\u00eb nivel nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar, nuk kishim raporte me Kin\u00ebn. \/ Raportet me Bashkimin Sovjetik qen\u00eb ngrir\u00eb \/ dhe rus\u00ebt po nd\u00ebrtonin nj\u00eb baz\u00eb n\u00ebndet\u00ebsesh n\u00eb Kub\u00eb. \/ K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb Presidenti nuk ishte paranojak kur fliste p\u00ebr nj\u00eb problem t\u00eb mark\u00ebs komuniste n\u00eb bot\u00eb. [\u2026]\n Vietnami<\/strong><\/p>\n Ferguson<\/strong>: Lufta e Ftoht\u00eb menjan\u00eb, lufta n\u00eb Vietnam nuk po ecte mir\u00eb. Gjat\u00eb presidenc\u00ebs s\u00eb m\u00ebparshme, at\u00eb t\u00eb Lyndon Johnson, kishin vdekur tashm\u00eb 30000 amerikan\u00eb n\u00eb terren. Pse t\u00eb mos nd\u00ebrpritej lufta dhe t\u00eb t\u00ebrhiqeshin trupat?<\/p>\n K<\/strong>: Duhet kuptuar strategjia q\u00eb ishte n\u00eb themelin e presidenc\u00ebs Johnson. [\u2026] U p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn 500000 ushtar\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizim t\u00eb fitores. \/ Objektivi ishte t\u2019u shkaktoheshin sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb d\u00ebm q\u00eb t\u00eb ishte e mundur vietnamez\u00ebve t\u00eb Veriut n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb shtyheshin t\u00eb negocionin. Fatkeq\u00ebsisht, aft\u00ebsia duruese e tyre qe shum\u00eb m\u00eb e larta nga parashikimi. [\u2026]\n K<\/strong>: Administrata\u00a0 Nixon filloi me 20 janar. 3 jav\u00eb m\u00eb pas vietnamez\u00ebt filluan nj\u00eb ofensiv\u00eb q\u00eb vrau midis 400 dhe 500 amerikan\u00ebve n\u00eb nj\u00eb jav\u00eb. \/ Strategjia jon\u00eb parashikonte t\u00ebrheqjen e trupave dhe, n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, mbrojtjen e aleat\u00ebve tan\u00eb n\u00eb jug t\u00eb Vietnamit. [\u2026] Vietnami i Veriut pretendonte t\u00ebrheqjen e pakusht\u00ebzuar t\u00eb trupave amerikane. \/ Praktikisht flitej p\u00ebr dor\u00ebzim \/ gj\u00eb q\u00eb, natyrisht, nuk ishte e pranueshme. \/ Nj\u00eb konservator me nj\u00eb histori politike personale m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 20 vje\u00e7are nuk do ta inauguronte kurr\u00eb administrat\u00ebn e tij duke shpallur nj\u00eb dor\u00ebzim pa kushte. Ishte mund\u00ebsia e vetme q\u00eb kishim, por nuk ishte e konceptueshme. [\u2026]\n K<\/strong>: N\u00eb gushtin e 1969 nis\u00ebm nj\u00eb seri takimesh sekrete n\u00eb Paris me vietnamezoverior\u00ebt. \/ Kisha arritur n\u00eb konkluzionin se lufta nuk mund t\u00eb fitohej n\u00eb terren, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb doja t\u00eb negocioja. Kund\u00ebrshtari im kryesor ishte Le Duc Tho. \/ Pavar\u00ebsisht se m\u00eb ka b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb plakem parakohe, m\u00eb duhet t\u00eb them se ishte nj\u00eb njeri i spikatur. Vinte nga kryeqyteti i vendi t\u00eb larg\u00ebt dhe nuk kishte p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb n\u00eb fush\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. Kishte jetuar si revolucionar dhe tani gjendej p\u00ebrpara kund\u00ebrshtimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb superfuqie, e megjithat\u00eb nuk e humbi kurr\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjen. Ishte k\u00ebmb\u00ebngul\u00ebs dhe gjithmon\u00eb i sjellsh\u00ebm. Ishte kok\u00ebfort\u00eb dhe i pagabuesh\u00ebm. [\u2026] Detyra e tij nuk ishte t\u00eb negocionte. Detyra e tij ishte q\u00eb t\u00eb thyente vullnetin ton\u00eb, duke shfryt\u00ebzuar p\u00ebr\u00e7arjet tona t\u00eb brendshme. N\u00eb Amerik\u00eb akuzoheshim n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb konstante se nuk e donim nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje.<\/p>\n Bombardimi i Kamboxhias<\/strong><\/p>\n Ferguson<\/strong>: Pika themelore e k\u00ebtij kund\u00ebrshtimi t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm qe bombardimi i Kamboxhias. Pse ishte \u2013 dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb akoma sot \u2013 nj\u00eb aspekt kaq kontradiktor?<\/p>\n K<\/strong>: I ashtuquajturi bombardim \u201csekret\u201d i Kamboxhias \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb prej episodeve q\u00ebllimisht t\u00eb anashkaluar t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj periudhe. Le t\u00eb sqarojm\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb ndodhi. [\u2026] Me 20 janar, pas 3 jav\u00ebsh nga fillimi i mandatit, teksa stafi i Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb s\u00eb Bardh\u00eb duhej t\u00eb gjente se ku ishin banjot, Vietnami i Veriut nd\u00ebrmorri nj\u00eb sulm ku u vran\u00eb 400 amerikan\u00eb brenda nj\u00eb jave. Pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e k\u00ebtyre sulmeve vinin nga baza q\u00eb vietkong\u00ebt kishin ngritur n\u00eb territorin kamboxhian. I mbushur me dyshime, Nixon autorizoi sulmin. \/ Vendosi t\u00eb minimizonte rrezikun e demonstrimeve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha masive duke e shmangur njoftimin e sulmit. [\u2026] Mendoja se ishte ide e mir\u00eb t\u00eb sulmoheshin k\u00ebto baza.<\/p>\n Ferguson<\/strong>: E \u00e7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb m\u00eb thoni p\u00ebr akuz\u00ebn se qindra mij\u00ebra civil\u00eb t\u00eb pambrojtur do t\u00eb mbeteshin t\u00eb vrar\u00eb?<\/p>\n K<\/strong>: Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb budallall\u00ebk. Po flas p\u00ebr t\u00eb ashtuquajturin bombardim sekret. \/ \u00cbsht\u00eb e natyrshme q\u00eb ka pasur viktima midis civil\u00ebve, duke qen\u00eb se b\u00ebhej fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb operacion ushtarak, \/ por po flas ekskluzivisht p\u00ebr bombardimin sekret.<\/p>\n Exit strategy<\/strong><\/p>\n Ferguson<\/strong>: Gjendeshit k\u00ebshtu n\u00eb mes t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb, t\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuar nga nj\u00eb sulm b\u00ebrthamor, dhe duhej t\u00eb mbyllnit nj\u00eb luft\u00eb n\u00eb Juglindjen aziatike q\u00eb po p\u00ebr\u00e7ante vendin. Si mendonit ta b\u00ebnit?<\/p>\n K<\/strong>: Presidenti Nixon dhe un\u00eb kishim n\u00eb mendje nj\u00eb strategji paqeje qysh nga fillimi. \/ Kishim kuptuar se Bashkimi Sovjetik dhe Kina qen\u00eb armiq dhe jo aleat\u00eb. Ve\u00e7 t\u00eb tjerash, besonim se shp\u00ebrndarja e bot\u00ebs ishte e panatyrshme. \/ Kina ishte jasht\u00eb sistemit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar, \/ k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb strategjia ishte t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihej, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb Bashkimi Sovjetik do t\u00eb kishte tjet\u00ebr se \u00e7far\u00eb t\u00eb mendonte. \/ Nj\u00eb aspekt tjet\u00ebr i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm ishte se, duke favoprizuar marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet me Kin\u00ebn, do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb na ndihmonin q\u00eb t\u00eb bindnin vietkong\u00ebt q\u00eb t\u00eb na b\u00ebnin l\u00ebshime. [\u2026] Nixon pati kuraj\u00ebn q\u00eb t\u2019i hapej Kin\u00ebs i mb\u00ebshtetur nga nj\u00eb k\u00ebshilltar i vet\u00ebm, pa konsultuar vendet e tjera. Mendonte se sikur gj\u00ebja t\u00eb ishte b\u00ebr\u00eb publike p\u00ebrpara se ta shpallte, nuk do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundonte kurr\u00eb me sukses.<\/p>\n Balla p\u00ebr ball\u00eb me Mao Ce Dunin<\/strong><\/p>\n K<\/strong>:\u00a0 \u00c7do takim kishte nj\u00eb skem\u00eb t\u00eb tijin dhe skema ishte q\u00eb kinez\u00ebt nuk do t\u00eb na e thonin kurr\u00eb p\u00ebrpara kohe se kur do ta takonim Maon. T\u00eb shoq\u00ebronin n\u00eb rezidenc\u00ebn e Maos, e cila ndodhej n\u00eb Qytetin e Ndaluar dhe ishte si \u00e7do sht\u00ebpi tjet\u00ebr, shum\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb, pa roje. \/ Kalohej nj\u00eb korridor me nj\u00eb tavolin\u00eb pingpongu p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur n\u00eb studion e tij, e cila gjat\u00eb vizit\u00ebs time t\u00eb par\u00eb p\u00ebrfshinte edhe nj\u00eb krevat, q\u00eb m\u00eb pas u zhduk. Kishte libra n\u00ebp\u00ebr gjith\u00eb dyshemen\u00eb. Mao ishte i ulur n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjysm\u00ebrrethi me karrige. [\u2026] Gjat\u00eb jet\u00ebs time kam takuar pak njer\u00ebz q\u00eb e dominonin dhom\u00ebn si ai, si ata aktor\u00eb q\u00eb dalin n\u00eb sken\u00eb dhe e pushtojn\u00eb publikun brenda nj\u00eb sekonde. Mao ishte nga ata njer\u00ebz. [\u2026] Kishte nj\u00eb ndjenj\u00eb sardonike humorizmi dhe ishte gjithmon\u00eb paksa k\u00ebrc\u00ebnues, pak fare, aq sa duhej. M\u00eb tha: \u201cE shikoni profesor, \u00ebsht\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb bashk\u00ebbisedosh me mua. \u00c7do l\u00ebshim q\u00eb b\u00ebj zgjat 100 vjet\u201d. Por n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptonte: \u201cKi kujdes: n\u00ebse m\u00eb sulmon, nuk do t\u2019ia kalosh leht\u00eb\u201d.<\/p>\n Origjina gjermane<\/strong><\/p>\n K<\/strong>: Isha 9 vje\u00e7 kur nazist\u00ebt erdh\u00ebn n\u00eb pushtet. \/ Mu ndalua t\u00eb frekuentoja shkolla gjermane. \/ Gjerman\u00ebt me t\u00eb cil\u00ebt prind\u00ebrit e mi kishin raporte i nd\u00ebrpren\u00eb menj\u00ebher\u00eb ato. \/ P\u00ebr prind\u00ebrit e mi qe nj\u00eb ndryshim trondit\u00ebs jetese. \/ Ata nuk qen\u00eb intelektual\u00eb. Im at\u00eb ishte m\u00ebsues, jo njeri praktik. Ferri nazist e paralizonte. Ime m\u00eb ishte m\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb dhe shum\u00eb praktike. P\u00ebr t\u00eb mir\u00ebn e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve, vendosi ta l\u00ebr\u00eb Gjermanin\u00eb dhe im at\u00eb nuk e kund\u00ebrshtoi. Un\u00eb vuajta p\u00ebr humbjen e shok\u00ebve t\u00eb mi dhe t\u00eb jet\u00ebs time. Qe nj\u00eb kthes\u00eb e madhe n\u00eb jet\u00ebm time, e cila pati nj\u00eb influenc\u00eb t\u00eb thell\u00eb mbi mua. T\u00eb gjitha sigurit\u00eb e mia u zhduk\u00ebn. [\u2026] 3 vite m\u00eb von\u00eb, erdha s refugjat. Amerika dhe Gjermania qen\u00eb n\u00eb luft\u00eb. U mobilizova n\u00eb ushtrin\u00eb amerikane. Kur u ktheva n\u00eb Gjermani, eksperimentova personalisht holokaustin, nga k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimi i an\u00ebtari t\u00eb ushtris\u00eb pushtuese. Arrita n\u00eb vend i pari. \/ Respektivisht drejtimit nga vinim, kampi hebre ishte n\u00eb t\u00eb djatht\u00eb. Mbanin uniforma me vija. [\u2026] Kampi i p\u00ebrq\u00ebndrimit Ahlem ka qen\u00eb\u2026 h\u00ebm, nuk kisha par\u00eb kurr\u00eb kamp p\u00ebrq\u00ebndrimi, nuk kisha par\u00eb kurr\u00eb t\u00eb burgosur si ata. [\u2026] Hebrenjt\u00eb qen\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje \u00e7njer\u00ebzore. \/ Qen\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebt. Jetonin n\u00eb Baraka druri, 3 ose 4 p\u00ebr shtrat. P\u00ebrreth kishte shum\u00eb kufoma. Instiktivisht, menduam q\u00eb t\u2019u jepnim t\u00eb hanin, duke u dh\u00ebn\u00eb atyre racionet tona, duke vrar\u00eb k\u00ebshtu disa prej tyre, pasi nuk qen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb p\u00ebrtypnin ushqime t\u00eb ngurta. \/ Ishte nj\u00eb bot\u00eb me mosp\u00ebrputhje idioteske. [\u2026] Shum\u00eb prej familjar\u00ebve t\u00eb mi dhe rreth 70% e shok\u00ebve t\u00eb mi t\u00eb klas\u00ebs kan\u00eb vdekur n\u00eb kampet e p\u00ebrq\u00ebndrimit. \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb gj\u00eb q\u00eb nuk mund ta harroj. [\u2026] Ishte detyra ime t\u00eb pengoja q\u00eb gj\u00ebra t\u00eb ngjashme t\u00eb ndodhnin s\u00ebrish.<\/p>\n Grushti i shtetit n\u00eb Kili<\/strong><\/p>\n K<\/strong>: N\u00eb shtator t\u00eb 1970, marksisti Salvador Allende ishte n\u00eb fushat\u00eb elektorale p\u00ebr presidenc\u00ebn e Kilit. \/ Si\u00e7 u demonstrua m\u00eb pas nga disa dokumenta, ekzistonte frika se mos Allende ishte i lidhur me Bashkimin Sovjetik dhe me Kub\u00ebn. I frik\u00ebsoheshim vendosjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb qeverie komuniste n\u00eb Santiago. Besoj se edhe nj\u00eb student e kuptonte se Allende ishte n\u00eb t\u00eb majt\u00eb t\u00eb partis\u00eb komuniste. [\u2026] Qen\u00eb k\u00ebto bazat e problemit kilian. Por nuk i shkova m\u00eb thell\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjes kiliane. [\u2026] Papritmas, na lajm\u00ebruan se Allende kishte fituar zgjedhjet. \/ K\u00ebshtu, n\u00eb mes t\u00eb nj\u00eb krize, Presidenti i dha urdh\u00ebra drejtp\u00ebrs\u00ebdrejti inteligjenc\u00ebs. \/ N\u00eb thelb, Nixon dha urdh\u00ebra q\u00eb t\u00eb merreshin masa. [\u2026] Papritmas, na lajm\u00ebruan se Allende kishte fituar zgjedhjet. \/ Nixon ishte absolutisht i indinjuar. Papritmas e informuan se n\u00eb Santiago kishte nj\u00eb qeveri komuniste. [\u2026] K\u00ebshtu, Shtetet e Bashkuara nuk b\u00ebn\u00eb asgj\u00eb p\u00ebr ta kund\u00ebrshtuar. Gj\u00ebja e vetme q\u00eb b\u00ebn\u00eb q\u00eb furnizimi me fonde partit\u00eb dhe gazetat q\u00eb Allende kishte ndaluar.<\/p>\n Ferguson<\/strong>: Kur ushtarak\u00ebt kilian\u00eb e p\u00ebrmbys\u00ebn Allende n\u00eb 1973, qeveria e Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara, vet\u00eb ju, qet\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb?<\/p>\n K<\/strong>: Nuk kishim t\u00eb b\u00ebnim aspak me \u00e7far\u00eb ndodhur dhe \u00e7do hetim e konfirmon. [\u2026]\n Ferguson<\/strong>: Imagjinoj q\u00eb ju dhe Presidenti Nixon e keni pritur me k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi lajmin e grushtit t\u00eb shtetit.<\/p>\n K<\/strong>: Nartyrisht.<\/p>\n Ferguson<\/strong>: Nuk duhet t\u2019ju ket\u00eb ardhur keq\u2026 As Presidentit Nixon.<\/p>\n K<\/strong>: Jo. Asnj\u00ebrit nga ne nuk i erdhi keq.<\/p>\n Lufta e Ftoht\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n K<\/strong>: E gjitha kjo ndodhte nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb rajone t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb bot\u00ebs qen\u00eb n\u00eb erupsion, pasi Bashkimi Sovjetik, me ideologjin\u00eb e tij, por fitonte terren. Problemi themelor ishte t\u00eb menaxhohej agresioni sovjetik, duke reduktuar n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi i nj\u00eb asgj\u00ebsimi b\u00ebrthamor. Dialogu me udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit sovjetik\u00eb ishte me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi jetike. Ata qen\u00eb nj\u00eb produkt i spastrimeve dhe qen\u00eb ngjitur n\u00eb grad\u00eb nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb Stalini shfaroste baballar\u00ebt e tyre. qen\u00eb rritur n\u00eb nj\u00eb regjim terrori. \/ N\u00eb nj\u00eb far\u00eb kuptimi, qen\u00eb vullkan\u00eb t\u00eb shuar. \/ Ajo q\u00eb i b\u00ebnte n\u00eb nj\u00eb far\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb c\u00ebnuesh\u00ebm ishte d\u00ebshira q\u00eb t\u00eb njiheshin sit \u00eb barabart\u00eb, n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb jetonin n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb standardeve ekonomike per\u00ebndimore. [\u2026] Brezhnjevi na ftoi n\u00eb Sovietpol, nj\u00eb rezervat gjuetie ku kishte nj\u00eb sht\u00ebpi deridiku t\u00eb sofistikuar. \/ M\u00eb pyeti sesa do t\u00eb kushtonte kjo sht\u00ebpi n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara. \/ Ju p\u00ebrgjigja \u201c400000 dollar\u00eb\u2019, q\u00eb m\u00eb dukeshin shum\u00eb. E pash\u00eb t\u00eb shokuar. Nj\u00eb nga t\u00eb mit\u00eb m\u00eb sugjeroi t\u2019i thoja se i gjith\u00eb rezervati do t\u00eb kushtonte disa milion\u00eb. Pas k\u00ebtyre fjal\u00ebve, Brezhnjevit i ndriti fytyra. [\u2026] Ai ishte n\u00eb krye t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjeje t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb cil\u00ebs po i humbiste kontrollin. E dinte se gj\u00ebrat nuk po funksiononin. Donte paqen me Shtetet e Bashkuara. Plani fillestar parashikonte nj\u00eb samit me rus\u00ebt lidhur me kontrollin e armatimeve p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb kompletonim marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet diplomatike t\u00eb saponisura me Kin\u00ebn, por rus\u00ebt qen\u00eb t\u00eb zot\u00eb dhe e m\u00ebsuan se kisha qen\u00eb n\u00eb Pekin. [\u2026] Tri jav\u00eb pas vizit\u00ebs time n\u00eb Pekin, rus\u00ebt pranuan q\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebhej samiti q\u00eb uronim t\u00eb b\u00ebhej. [\u2026] Qe kuror\u00ebzimi i 4 viteve pun\u00eb. Do t\u00eb konkludonim nj\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie t\u00eb bilancuar midis dy fuqish\u00eb b\u00ebrthamore. Qe nj\u00eb prej momenteve m\u00eb elektrizuese q\u00eb mund t\u00eb jetohen.<\/p>\n Fundi i Vietnamit dhe Watergate<\/strong><\/p>\n K<\/strong>: Nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim masiv i forcave ajrore amerikane e dob\u00ebsoi mbrojtjen e Vietnamit t\u00eb Veriut. [\u2026] N\u00eb shtator, Le Duc Tho u t\u00ebrhoq dhe n\u00eb tetor jo dor\u00ebzua negociimit. U ktheva nga takimi me Le Duc Tho dhe i raportova Nixon. Besoj t\u2019i kem th\u00ebn\u00eb: \u201cJa dol\u00ebm. Kemi tre n\u00eb tre; Rusi, Kin\u00eb dhe Vietnam\u201d. [\u2026]\n K<\/strong>: U mb\u00ebrthyem n\u00eb nj\u00eb diskutim lidhur me at\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb ndodhte, \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb mbetej dhe \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptonte. P\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb largohesha, m\u00eb k\u00ebrkoi q\u00eb t\u00eb luteshim bashk\u00eb. \/ Duke par\u00eb solemnitetin e rastit dhe fatin e pam\u00ebshirsh\u00ebm, nuk pash\u00eb asgj\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7uditshme. \u00c7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhej tjet\u00ebr? [\u2026] Ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr momentet m\u00eb mall\u00ebngjyes t\u00eb jet\u00ebs time dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb q\u00eb e respektoj Nixon. Nuk donte t\u00eb linte d\u00ebshmi, por t\u00eb mbyllte mbr\u00ebmjen q\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundonte nj\u00eb jet\u00eb kushtuar politik\u00ebs. [\u2026] R\u00ebnia e Vietnamit t\u00eb Jugut dhe evakuimi i Sajgonit qen\u00eb padyshim momenti m\u00eb i trishtuar i karrier\u00ebs time politike. [\u2026] Kishte nj\u00eb President t\u00eb ri q\u00eb duhej t\u00eb ndeshej me nj\u00eb Kongres armiq\u00ebsor. I shkurtoi ndihmat ekonomike dhe financiare p\u00ebr Vietnamin e Jugut me dy t\u00eb tretat. Duke shfryt\u00ebzuar atmosfer\u00ebn demoralizuese, Vietnami i Veriut e drejtoi t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ushtrin\u00eb p\u00ebr nga jugu. Ju desh\u00ebn 3 muaj q\u00eb t\u00eb thyenin rezistenc\u00ebn e Vietnamit t\u00eb Jugut. [\u2026] Jam shum\u00eb i bindur se Vietnami nuk duhej t\u00eb binte. \u00cbsht\u00eb faji yn\u00eb.<\/p>\n Bilanci <\/strong><\/p>\n[\u2026] Mendoj se \u00ebsht\u00eb legjitime t\u00eb thuhet se un\u00eb e kam dh\u00ebn\u00eb tashm\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb kontributit tim p\u00ebr bot\u00ebn. Vija nga nj\u00eb grup akademik\u00ebsh dhe kam p\u00ebrfunduar n\u00eb krah t\u00eb nj\u00eb Presidenti q\u00eb ka p\u00ebrqafuar politika pasojat e t\u00eb cilave nuk qe n\u00eb gjendje t\u2019i p\u00ebrballonte. [\u2026] Gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb jet\u00ebs kam k\u00ebrkuar q\u00eb ta b\u00ebj bot\u00ebn m\u00eb paq\u00ebsore. Kam k\u00ebrkuar q\u00eb t\u00eb parandaloj nj\u00eb luft\u00eb katastrofike dhe ta \u00e7oj Amerik\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00eb drejtim m\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm. \/ \u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb thuhet n\u00ebse e gjitha kjo do t\u00eb m\u00eb nihet ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb. N\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb keq, vendimet kryesore pasqyronin bindjet e mia. Do ta rib\u00ebja gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb kam b\u00ebr\u00eb, edhe gj\u00ebrat m\u00eb t\u00eb dhimbshme, si Vietnami. [\u2026] Nuk do t\u2019u jap nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb duhur p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb doni t\u00eb dini, edhe pse e di se publiku do t\u00eb mbetej m\u00eb shum\u00eb i goditur nga nj\u00eb mea culpa<\/em> e imja.<\/p>\n (Nga National Geographic Channel<\/em>)<\/p>\n P\u00ebrgatiti<\/strong><\/p>\n ARMIN TIRANA<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Protagonisti m\u00eb influent dhe kontradiktor i politik\u00ebs nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb XX-t\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb historian me fam\u00eb. Henry Kissinger u p\u00ebrgjigjet pyetjeve t\u00eb Niall Ferguson p\u00ebr llogari t\u00eb National Geographic Channel. K\u00ebshilltari i Siguris\u00eb Komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Presidentit Richard Nixon dhe m\u00eb pas Sekretar Shteti p\u00ebrball\u00eb historianit dhe editorialistit, autor i \u201cEmpire\u201d (lidhur me Perandorin\u00eb Britanike) …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":65172,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-65171","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-kulture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65171","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65171"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65171\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/65172"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65171"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65171"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65171"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}