{"id":67964,"date":"2024-01-03T15:19:07","date_gmt":"2024-01-03T15:19:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/?p=67964"},"modified":"2024-01-03T15:19:07","modified_gmt":"2024-01-03T15:19:07","slug":"ish-drejtuesi-i-fmn-jep-alarmin-pastrimi-i-parave-te-pista-po-shkaterron-demokracine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/2024\/01\/03\/ish-drejtuesi-i-fmn-jep-alarmin-pastrimi-i-parave-te-pista-po-shkaterron-demokracine\/","title":{"rendered":"Ish-drejtuesi i FMN jep alarmin: Pastrimi i parave t\u00eb pista po shkat\u00ebrron demokracin\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nga Simon Johnson & Daron Acemoglu \u201cProject Syndicate\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Demokracit\u00eb n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn, p\u00ebrballen aktualisht me dy k\u00ebrc\u00ebnime kryesore:nj\u00eb kriz\u00eb legjitimiteti dhe me regjimet autoritare gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb agresive. Ajo q\u00eb i lidh t\u00eb dyja dhe i b\u00ebn shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb rrezikshme, \u00ebsht\u00eb efekti shkat\u00ebrrues i transfertave t\u00eb parave t\u00eb pista, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht i atyre q\u00eb fshihen n\u00ebp\u00ebr parajsat fiskale, t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb nj\u00eb sekret financiar t\u00eb tepruar.<\/p>\n

Kufizimi i k\u00ebtyre parajsave fiskale, dhe k\u00ebrkesa p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb transparenc\u00eb n\u00eb flukset financiare nd\u00ebrkufitare, duhet t\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrohet k\u00ebt\u00eb vit n\u00eb nj\u00eb prioritet kryesor p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha vendet e G7. K\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi i brendsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr demokracin\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb dob\u00ebsim i ndjesh\u00ebm i legjitimitetit.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb ekonomit\u00eb industriale si n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara dhe Evrop\u00eb, teknologjit\u00eb e reja, rritja e flukseve nd\u00ebrkufitare t\u00eb kapitalit dhe pengesat m\u00eb t\u00eb pakta ndaj tregtis\u00eb, e rrit\u00ebn produktivitetin mesatar dhe krijuan rritje ekonomike gjat\u00eb 50 viteve t\u00eb fundit, por p\u00ebrfitimet e k\u00ebsaj rritjeje nuk u shp\u00ebrndan\u00eb gjer\u00ebsisht.<\/p>\n

Pabarazia brenda k\u00ebtyre vendeve \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb drastike q\u00eb nga mesi i viteve 1970, dhe miliona njer\u00ebz e ndjejn\u00eb tani se jan\u00eb l\u00ebn\u00eb pas dore. Mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr demokracin\u00eb, dob\u00ebsohet nga besimi se loja ekonomike \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201ce manipuluar\u201d, dhe njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb jan\u00eb tashm\u00eb t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb privilegjuar fitojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb ,ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb kurriz t\u00eb pjes\u00ebs tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa ky pretendim mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i ekzagjeruar, ai p\u00ebrputhet me realitetin e evazionit fiskal. Parajsat fiskale u japin mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb pasurve q\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtojn\u00eb pasurin\u00eb e tyre pa paguar taksa, por edhe t\u00eb ushtrojn\u00eb fuqi ekonomike dhe politike larg syve kureshtar\u00eb dhe pa asnj\u00eb llogaridh\u00ebnie.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb list\u00eb e parajsave fiskale p\u00ebrfshin shtetet e vogla t\u00eb Karaibeve, por edhe vendet e respektuara gjer\u00ebsisht, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb territoret britanike jasht\u00eb shtetit (Ishujt e Virgj\u00ebr Britanik\u00eb, Bermuda dhe Ishujt Kajman), Holanda, Zvicra, Luksemburgu, Singapori dhe Emiratet e Bashkuara Arabe.<\/p>\n

Bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtor\u00eb jan\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara dhe Britania e Madhe. Rregullat e tyre t\u00eb fsheht\u00ebsis\u00eb financiare, lejojn\u00eb q\u00eb atje t\u00eb strehohet nj\u00eb sasi e jasht\u00ebzakonshme parash t\u00eb huaja (dhe t\u00eb paligjshme). SHBA-ja kryeson n\u00eb Indeksin e Fsheht\u00ebsis\u00eb Financiare.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ngritur nj\u00eb industri shum\u00eb miliarda dollar\u00ebshe, e cila ka pun\u00ebsuar disa nga avokat\u00ebt, kontabilist\u00ebt dhe konsulent\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb zgjuar n\u00eb bot\u00eb, t\u00eb fokusuar tek ndihma ndaj t\u00eb pasurve dhe njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb paskrupullt. Parajsa fiskale jan\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht t\u00eb dobishme p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb kan\u00eb pasuri me origjin\u00eb nga ryshfetet, vjedhjet dhe forma t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb korrupsionit.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb qenit n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb fsheh\u00ebsh identitetin e pal\u00ebve n\u00eb \u00e7do transaksion financiar, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga k\u00ebrkesat kryesore p\u00ebr t\u00eb operuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb parajs\u00eb fiskale. Dhe kjo form\u00eb e inxhinieris\u00eb financiare e korrupton demokracin\u00eb. Akoma m\u00eb keq, ajo e shton k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimin e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb madh me t\u00eb cilin p\u00ebrballemi:forcimin e regjimeve autoritare.<\/p>\n

Parat\u00eb e pista n\u00eb parajsat fiskale, e b\u00ebjn\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjen e kandidat\u00ebve, manipulimin e opinionit publik dhe bindjen e njer\u00ebzve q\u00eb t\u00eb votojn\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb diktator. Parat\u00eb e pista t\u00eb oligark\u00ebve rus\u00eb, kan\u00eb qen\u00eb prej koh\u00ebsh nj\u00eb shtyll\u00eb kryesore e ekonomis\u00eb dhe sistemit politik t\u00eb Rusis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e ngushta t\u00eb presidentit Vladimir Putin me burimet e parave t\u00eb pista jan\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb-dokumentuara. Por m\u00eb pak n\u00eb v\u00ebmendje ka qen\u00eb m\u00ebnyra se si transaksionet jo transparente, e kan\u00eb lejuar qeverin\u00eb kineze t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoj\u00eb nj\u00eb perandori t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb ndikimit global.<\/p>\n

Ne kemi filluar vet\u00ebm tani t\u00eb shohim se sa shum\u00eb u detyrohen kompanive t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetura nga Kina vendet me t\u00eb ardhura t\u00eb ul\u00ebta, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb. N\u00eb lidhje me k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje, thuhet se Partia Komuniste e Kin\u00ebs ka \u201cinvestuar miliarda dollar\u00eb\u201d n\u00eb nj\u00eb fushat\u00eb globale keqinformimi.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebtu p\u00ebrfshihen edhe p\u00ebrpjekjet e fokusuara n\u00eb zgjedhjet e fundit, por edhe ato t\u00eb af\u00ebrta n\u00eb SHBA. Po ashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb e qart\u00eb se nj\u00eb sasi e madhe parash rrjedh nga Irani p\u00ebr organizata t\u00eb tilla si Hamasi n\u00eb Gaza, Hezbollahu n\u00eb Liban dhe forcat Houthi n\u00eb Jemen, t\u00eb cilat tani po godasin me raketa mbi anijet tregtare q\u00eb kalojn\u00eb n\u00eb Detin e Kuq.<\/p>\n

Gati i gjith\u00eb ky financim iranian l\u00ebviz n\u00ebp\u00ebr kanale t\u00eb err\u00ebta, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb sipas SHBA-s\u00eb edhe kompani n\u00eb Turqi dhe Jemen. Mbyllja e k\u00ebtyre kanaleve do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb. Por m\u00ebnyra m\u00eb efektive p\u00ebr t\u00eb luftuar parat\u00eb e pista \u2013 dhe financimin e regjimeve autoritare, kriminalitetit dhe terrorizmit \u00a0\u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb mbyllja e dhjet\u00ebra parajsave fiskale q\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb aktualisht n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb veprim i till\u00eb, do t\u00eb rriste mbledhjen e taksave n\u00eb vendet demokratike, dhe do t\u00eb reduktonte burimet n\u00eb dispozicion t\u00eb regjimeve autoritare. Ironikisht, disa prej k\u00ebtyre parajsave fiskale jan\u00eb t\u00eb rrezikuara nga ndryshimet klimatike. Ato jan\u00eb duke k\u00ebrkuar ndihm\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr t\u2019u p\u00ebrballur me rritjen e mundshme t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb detit dhe stuhit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb forta.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse k\u00ebto shtete ishullore dhe juridiksione t\u00eb tjera d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb t\u00eb marrin pjes\u00eb n\u00eb mekanizma t\u00eb rregullimi t\u00eb drejt\u00eb dhe t\u00eb arsyesh\u00ebm (si financimi i lidhur me klim\u00ebn apo leht\u00ebsimi i borxhit), t\u00eb financuar pjes\u00ebrisht nga G7-a, ata duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushin k\u00ebrkesat e rritura t\u00eb transparenc\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb element ky\u00e7, duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb zgjerimi i rregullave \u201cnjih klientin t\u00ebnd\u201d n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto juridiksione, t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetura nga d\u00ebnimet e duhura penale. Ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht, duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb zbulim t\u00eb plot\u00eb p\u00ebr autoritetet tatimore t\u00eb G7 n\u00eb lidhje me at\u00eb se kush zot\u00ebron \u00e7far\u00eb asetesh, dhe kush i b\u00ebn cilat pagesa kujt.<\/p>\n

Mjerisht, nj\u00eb nivel i caktuar evazioni fiskal \u00ebsht\u00eb i ligjsh\u00ebm, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb fuqis\u00eb lobuese t\u00eb konsulent\u00ebve dhe kontabilist\u00ebve ultra t\u00eb pasur dhe t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt do t\u00eb argumentojn\u00eb se n\u00ebse mbyllen hap\u00ebsirat ekzistuese, bizneset produktive do t\u00eb zhvendosen diku tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

Por kjo duhet t\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtohet me nj\u00eb parim t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb, q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ndahet nga t\u00eb gjitha vendet e G7-\u00ebs:fitimet e biznesit tatohen n\u00eb proporcion me vendin ku ndodhin shitjet. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse e zhvendosni selin\u00eb tuaj (apo juridiksionin e pron\u00ebsis\u00eb intelektuale) n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend tjet\u00ebr, duhet t\u00eb paguani tatimin n\u00eb SHBA bazuar n\u00eb aktivitetin tuaj atje.<\/p>\n

Marr\u00ebveshja e G7-\u00ebs mbi nj\u00eb taks\u00eb minimale globale ndaj korporatave, ishte nj\u00eb hap n\u00eb drejtimin e duhur, por duhet b\u00ebr\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr. N\u00eb epok\u00ebn e Inteligjenc\u00ebs Artificiale (AI), ne duhet t\u00eb presim q\u00eb shum\u00eb nga t\u00eb pasurit t\u00eb b\u00ebhen edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb pasur. Dhe mesa duket ata do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin mjetet e AI p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur taksat n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb efektive.<\/p>\n

Sipas marr\u00ebveshjeve aktuale nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, kjo do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e leht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u realizuar. Por Inteligjenca Artificiale mund t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb edhe n\u00eb zbulimin e evazionit dhe shmangies s\u00eb taksave, si dhe t\u00eb flukseve t\u00eb pazakonta t\u00eb parave, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb shpesh t\u00eb paligjshme.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr \u2018baron\u00ebt\u2019 e teknologjis\u00eb q\u00eb flasin vazhdimisht p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e AI p\u00ebr synime t\u00eb mira, ja ku \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe nj\u00eb sfid\u00eb tjet\u00ebr:mb\u00ebshtetni p\u00ebrhapjen e shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb mjeteve t\u00eb reja t\u00eb bazuara tek Inteligjenca Artificiale, p\u00ebr t\u00eb goditur evazionin fiskal dhe parajsat fiskale.<\/p>\n

Sh\u00ebnim:Simon Johnson, ish-kryekonomist n\u00eb Fondin Monetar Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar dhe profesor n\u00eb Shkoll\u00ebn e Menaxhimit n\u00eb Institutin e Teknologjis\u00eb (MIT) n\u00eb Masa\u00e7usets. Daron Acemoglu, profesor n\u00eb Institutin e Ekonomis\u00eb n\u00eb MIT.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga Simon Johnson & Daron Acemoglu \u201cProject Syndicate\u201d Demokracit\u00eb n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn, p\u00ebrballen aktualisht me dy k\u00ebrc\u00ebnime kryesore:nj\u00eb kriz\u00eb legjitimiteti dhe me regjimet autoritare gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb agresive. Ajo q\u00eb i lidh t\u00eb dyja dhe i b\u00ebn shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb rrezikshme, \u00ebsht\u00eb efekti shkat\u00ebrrues i transfertave t\u00eb parave t\u00eb pista, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht i atyre q\u00eb fshihen …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":67965,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-67964","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-politike"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67964","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67964"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67964\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/67965"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67964"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=67964"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=67964"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}