{"id":759,"date":"2021-12-19T12:49:31","date_gmt":"2021-12-19T12:49:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/rdnews.al\/?p=759"},"modified":"2021-12-19T12:49:31","modified_gmt":"2021-12-19T12:49:31","slug":"zhvillimi-i-sistemit-te-pensioneve-ne-shqiperi-nuk-mund-te-kuptohet-pa-krijimin-e-tregut-privat-te-pensioneve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/2021\/12\/19\/zhvillimi-i-sistemit-te-pensioneve-ne-shqiperi-nuk-mund-te-kuptohet-pa-krijimin-e-tregut-privat-te-pensioneve\/","title":{"rendered":"Zhvillimi i sistemit t\u00eb pensioneve n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri nuk mund t\u00eb kuptohet pa krijimin e tregut privat t\u00eb pensioneve"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nga Naim Hasa<\/strong>*<\/p>\n

Sigurimi i shtetasve n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e pleq\u00ebris\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb problem i \u00e7do shoq\u00ebrie. N\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimin e nivelit t\u00eb tyre ndikojn\u00eb duksh\u00ebm disa arritje, si niveli ekonomik, struktura demografike e popullsis\u00eb, interesi i individit p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e tyre, etj. Mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb baz\u00eb, \u00e7do vend ka nd\u00ebrtuar sistemin e vet t\u00eb Sigurimeve Shoq\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht duhet th\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb koh\u00ebve kryesisht jan\u00eb zhvilluar dy sisteme kryesore p\u00ebr pensionet,<\/p>\n

Pay-As-You-Go (PAYG),<\/strong> sistemi q\u00eb ndryshe njihet edhe si sistem solidariteti apo i gjeneratave, ku kontributet e t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarve shfryt\u00ebzohen direkt p\u00ebr pensionist\u00ebt aktual\u00eb dhe Sistemi vet\u00ebkapitalizues i bazuar n\u00eb investime.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Por, shekulli i XXI ka shtruar para njer\u00ebzimit nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb sfidash t\u00eb reja me t\u00eb cilat ai duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrballet si: gjetja e burimeve t\u00eb reja t\u00eb energjis\u00eb, shfryt\u00ebzimi i energjis\u00eb diellore, ekonomizimi i rezervave t\u00eb naft\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb ujit t\u00eb pijsh\u00ebm, krijimi i teknologjive t\u00eb reja q\u00eb respektojn\u00eb ambjentin, etj,etj.<\/p>\n

Por krahas k\u00ebtyre sfidave t\u00eb medha jet\u00ebsore, nj\u00eb problem mjaft i madh dhe i mpreht\u00eb q\u00eb e pret njer\u00ebzimin p\u00ebr t\u2019u perballur \u00ebsht\u00eb dhe ruajtja e\u00a0 ekuilibrit t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb burimeve njer\u00ebzore.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb kushtet kur ritmet e lindjes po bien dhe jet\u00ebgjat\u00ebsia mesatare e njer\u00ebzve po zgjatet, numri i \u201cmosh\u00ebs s\u00eb tret\u00eb\u201d (pensionist\u00ebt), po rritet me ritme shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb shpejta se ritmet e rritjes s\u00eb popullsis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst, sistemi i sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore \u2013 \u201cPay As You Go\u201d (PAYG), n\u00eb themel t\u00eb t\u00eb cilit, q\u00ebndron parimi i vazhdim\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb brezave, ku n\u00eb rotacion brezi i pun\u00ebsuar derdh kontribut p\u00ebr brezin e pensionuar, po shkon gjithmon\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb drejt pamund\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb plot\u00ebsuar nevojat e \u201cmosh\u00ebs s\u00eb tret\u00eb\u201d.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto situata t\u00eb reja, shtrojn\u00eb sot para sistemit t\u00eb sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore, disa alternativa:<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00eb pari<\/strong>, \u201cA duhen reformuar sistemet ekzistuese Pay As You Go t\u00eb pensioneve\u201d<\/em>? N\u00ebse po, \u00e7far\u00eb sistemi duhet vendosur – PAYG i modifikuar – Sistem pensionesh t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht private vet\u00ebkapitalizues, apo nj\u00eb sistem i alternuar i p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb nga disa skema apo kolona.<\/p>\n

Shum\u00eb vende europiane, gjat\u00eb fillimit t\u00eb viteve \u201890-\u201895 kaluan nj\u00eb periudhe, e cila u shoq\u00ebrua me mjaft probleme p\u00ebr sistemin shtet\u00ebror t\u00eb Sigurimeve Shoq\u00ebrore. Fillimisht k\u00ebto vende filluan t\u00eb modifikojn\u00eb sitemin ekzistues, duke ruajtur ekuilibrat financiare, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet rishikimit t\u00eb kontributeve dhe ngritjes s\u00eb moshave t\u00eb pensionit.<\/p>\n

Por n\u00eb fakt, gjat\u00eb zbatimit, k\u00ebto reforma has\u00ebn n\u00eb mjaft devijime. Ato jo vet\u00ebm nuk soll\u00ebn nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsim t\u00eb situat\u00ebs n\u00eb vazhdimsi, por n\u00eb mjaft raste thelluan m\u00eb shum\u00eb kontradiktat midis brezave, duke mbingarkuar brezin e ri.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb zgjidhjes s\u00eb k\u00ebsaj problematike, organizma nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, t\u00eb till\u00eb si F.M.N., Banka Bot\u00ebrore, .I.L.O.etj, orientuan p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmarjen e nj\u00eb reforme t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb pensioneve, tashm\u00eb n\u00eb kushte t\u00eb reja.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb themel t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj reforme q\u00ebndronte nd\u00ebrtimi i nj\u00eb sistemi t\u00eb Alternuar (shum\u00eb-kolon\u00ebsh), i cili do t\u00eb kombinonte m\u00eb mir\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarrjen financiare n\u00eb fondin e pensioneve t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr shtet\u00ebror t\u00eb parimit t\u00eb solidaritetit PAYG, me sistemin privat vet\u00ebkapitalizues t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegjshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb individit p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb zgjidhjen e problemeve sociale.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shpjegimin t\u00eb \u00a0element\u00ebve t\u00eb domosdosh\u00ebm, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt krijojn\u00eb premisat p\u00ebr fillimin e ngritjes dhe zhvillimit t\u00eb tregut privat t\u00eb pensioneve, nevojitet nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrim i shkurt\u00ebr i hapave q\u00eb duhen nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb dhe se si duhet t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb ky sistem.<\/p>\n

Pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, po i referohemi nj\u00eb \u201cekstrakti\u201d t\u00eb Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore. N\u00eb vitin 1994, Banka Bot\u00ebrore organizoi n\u00eb Madrid nj\u00eb takim me tem\u00eb \u201cPolitika p\u00ebr p\u00ebrballimin e rritjes s\u00eb mosh\u00ebs s\u00eb popullsis\u00eb\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb ishte rasti t\u00eb hapej nj\u00eb debat i gjer\u00eb p\u00ebr riorganizimin e sistemeve t\u00eb pensioneve. Pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb takim, u hodh edhe idea e sistemeve shum\u00ebkolon\u00ebshe\u2026<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu, Banka Bot\u00ebrore, orientoi nd\u00ebrtimin e sistemeve shum\u00ebkolon\u00ebshe, t\u00eb cilat me kalimin e koh\u00ebs do t\u2019i linin vendin nj\u00ebri\u2013tjetrit, por n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e rasteve, do t\u00eb kishte edhe alternime mes atij paraardh\u00ebs, me at\u00eb pasardh\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Krahas kolon\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb, q\u00eb do t\u00eb mbetej si kolona kryesore e politik\u00ebs sociale, e cila ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me sistemin publik t\u00eb pensioneve, e q\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7do rast, mbetet pjes\u00eb e varur nga buxheti i qeveris\u00eb, u dhan\u00eb idet\u00eb e nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb kolonave t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n

Por cilat jan\u00eb k\u00ebto kolona:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kolona e par\u00eb<\/strong>, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sistemi shtet\u00ebror sigurimesh i parimit pay-as-you-go.<\/p>\n

Shtrihet tek t\u00eb gjith\u00eb personat ekonomikisht aktiv\u00eb e familjet e tyre. M\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb parimin e solidaritetit e vazhdim\u00ebsis\u00eb se brezave. Ky sistem vepron aktualisht pothuajse n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb vendet e bot\u00ebs, m\u00eb i zhvilluar n\u00eb Europ\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Kolona e dyt\u00eb<\/strong>, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem i detyruesh\u00ebm me manaxhim privat, ku \u00e7do i siguruar n\u00eb skem\u00ebn e sigurimit t\u00eb detyruesh\u00ebm shtet\u00ebror (kolona e par\u00eb), \u00ebsht\u00eb i detyruar ligj\u00ebrisht t\u00eb paguaj\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb kontributeve individuale n\u00eb nj\u00eb fond privat pensionesh. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, me plot\u00ebsimin e kushteve p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfitim pensioni, t\u00eb ardhurat e personave t\u00eb siguruar p\u00ebrb\u00ebhen nga dy burime: nj\u00eb e ardhur (pension) nga skema e sigurimit t\u00eb detyruesh\u00ebm shteteror dhe nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr e ardhur (pension) nga skema private e sigurimit.<\/p>\n

Kolona e Tret\u00eb<\/strong>, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem krejt\u00ebsisht vullnetar me manaxhim privat, ku \u00e7do person q\u00eb d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb ket\u00eb burime t\u00eb ardhurash m\u00eb t\u00eb larta n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e pensionit hyn n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie sigurimi me k\u00ebto institucione private, t\u00eb cilat, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet nj\u00eb menaxhimi efikas, sigurojn\u00eb t\u00eb ardhura m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha dhe p\u00ebrfitime shtes\u00eb kundrejt pagimit t\u00eb kontributeve.<\/p>\n

Sot k\u00ebto siteme veprojn\u00eb pothuajse n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn madje edhe n\u00eb Maqedonin\u00eb e Veriut dhe Kosov\u00eb dhe jan\u00eb mjaf t\u00eb sukseseshme.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebt\u00eb model, krahas t\u00eb gjith\u00eb v\u00ebndeve t\u00eb zhvilluara si Gjermania,Franca,Italia etj, e gjejm\u00eb edhe n\u00eb Poloni, Hungari, Kroaci, Bullgari, Estoni, Rumani, Republik\u00eb \u00c7eke etj, t\u00eb cilet sipas kushteve konkrete kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb ndarjen e kontributeve dhe ndjekin n\u00eb dinamik evolimin e k\u00ebtyre pro\u00e7eseve. p.sh.kontributi p\u00ebr pension n\u00eb Maqedonin\u00eb e Veriut \u00ebsht\u00eb 18.% e pag\u00ebs, nga t\u00eb cil\u00ebt 13% derdhet n\u00eb Fondin e Sigurimeve Shoq\u00ebrore p\u00ebr skem\u00ebn shtet\u00ebrore (kolona e I) dhe 5 % derdhet n\u00eb fondet e detyrueshme private (kolona e II), nga ku me plot\u00ebsimin e mosh\u00ebs \u00e7do njeri do marr\u00eb dy pensione, nj\u00eb shtet\u00ebror dhe nj\u00eb privat t\u00eb formuar nga kontributet e derdhura dhe fitimi nga ivestimi i tyre.<\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 dihet, vet\u00ebm tre v\u00ebnde t\u00eb Ballkanit Per\u00ebndimor Shqip\u00ebri, Bosnj\u00eb e Serbi nuk e kan\u00eb kompletuar sistemin e pensioneve me kolon\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb private, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe arsyeja q\u00eb niveli i pensioneve n\u00eb k\u00ebto vende \u00ebsht\u00eb me i ulti me vendet e rajonit.<\/p>\n

Ndoshta n\u00eb vazhd\u00ebn e k\u00ebtyre orientimeve t\u00eb Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore u miratua dhe ligji 10107,dat\u00eb 10.12.2009 Per Fondet e Pensioneve Vullnetare, duke mund\u00ebsuar fillimin e funksionimit t\u00eb kolon\u00ebs s\u00eb tret\u00eb n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, duke ngritur kompanit\u00eb e para t\u00eb pensioneve\u00a0 private vullnetare SIGAL, RAIFFEISEN, CREDINS dhe koh\u00ebt e fundit Albsig, q\u00eb ushtrojn\u00eb aktivitetin n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb treg.<\/p>\n

Po ti hedh\u00ebsh nj\u00eb v\u00ebshtrim t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm zhvillimit t\u00eb aktivitetit t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre kompanive t\u00eb ngritura, shihet nj\u00eb inkurajim i nj\u00eb shkalle t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb tij p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb treg, n\u00eb raport me element\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb tij, si bankat apo fondet e ivestimit etj.<\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 dihet, n\u00eb tregun financiar shqiptar funksionojn\u00eb 14 banka me kapital privat, t\u00eb shtrira n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb vendin, 8 kompani\u00a0 sigurimi dhe mjaft institucione t\u00eb tjera financiare, si ato t\u00eb kursim-kreditit,\u00a0 shoq\u00ebri leasing, etj, t\u00eb cilat luajn\u00eb\u00a0 nj\u00eb rol primar n\u00eb tregun financiar n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri. Nd\u00ebrsa\u00a0ky treg, tregu i pensioneve, mjaft i domosdosh\u00ebm p\u00ebr kushtet q\u00eb po p\u00ebrjeton sistemi shtet\u00ebror, paraqitet n\u00eb faz\u00ebn zhvillimore t\u00eb\u00a0 tij, duke z\u00ebn\u00eb jo m\u00eb shum\u00eb se\u00a0 5-7\u00a0 %\u00a0 t\u00eb tregut financiar, n\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb q\u00eb\u00a0 ky treg n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn, madje edhe n\u00eb Maqedonin\u00eb e Veriut dhe Kosov\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb dominues\u00a0 i tregut\u00a0 financiar.<\/p>\n

Aktualisht numri i kontribuesve n\u00eb fondert private t\u00eb pensionit ka arritur afro 33 mij\u00eb, kundrejt 400-450 mij\u00eb q\u00eb jan\u00eb forcat aktive, kontigjent\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebto skema dhe fondet q\u00eb administrojn\u00eb 4.3 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb, kundrejt 76 miliard\u00eb q\u00eb zen\u00eb fondet e ivestimit.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr kushtet e\u00a0 Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb mendojm\u00eb q\u00eb futja e sistemit privat te pensioneve paraqitet si m\u00eb i p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm e funksional, mbasi:<\/p>\n

S\u00eb pari<\/strong>, n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri afro 75-80% e Prodhimit t\u00eb Brendsh\u00ebm Bruto (GDP) vijn\u00eb nga sektori privat, prandaj ska asnj\u00eb arsye t\u00eb mos vler\u00ebsohet edhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb dyti<\/strong>, Shqip\u00ebria \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb v\u00ebnd Europian dhe p\u00ebrafrimi i ligjislacionit edhe n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore \u00ebsht\u00eb kusht\u00a0 p\u00ebr tu an\u00ebtar\u00ebsuar n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb\u00a0 familje.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb treti<\/strong>, k\u00ebto skema, p\u00ebr vet\u00eb konfigurimin e tyre ndihmojn\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb e v\u00ebndit duke mobilizuar parat e lira t\u00eb popullat\u00ebs n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet investimeve t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb\u00a0\u00a0 instrumenta financiar afatgjat\u00eb\u00a0 5-10-15 vje\u00e7are (Obligacione Shtet\u00ebrore).<\/p>\n

S\u00eb kat\u00ebrti<\/strong>, zhvillimi i\u00a0 tregut t\u00eb pensioneve private do i jap\u00eb nj\u00eb impuls mjaft pozitiv edhe\u00a0 aktor\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb q\u00eb veprojn\u00eb n\u00eb tregun financiar.<\/p>\n

Sigurisht, gjej rastin t\u00eb vler\u00ebsoj reform\u00ebn q\u00eb u nd\u00ebrmor n\u00eb 2014, p\u00ebr sistemin e sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi dhe at\u00eb t\u00eb pensioneve n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti, e cila n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet reformave parametrika q\u00eb p\u00ebrmbante kishte si q\u00ebllim:<\/p>\n

S\u00eb pari<\/strong>, t\u00eb ndalonte p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsimin e m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm dhe thellimin e dificitit financiar q\u00eb n\u00eb 10 vje\u00e7arin e fundit kishte filluar sistemi i pensioneve,<\/p>\n

S\u00eb dyti<\/strong>, t\u00eb vendoste nj\u00eb pension social p\u00ebr mosh\u00ebn e tret\u00eb q\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb kushte p\u00ebr pension pune,<\/p>\n

S\u00eb treti<\/strong>, t\u00eb vendoste rregulla t\u00eb sakta e t\u00eb qarta t\u00eb indeksimit t\u00eb pensioneve, bazuar n\u00eb rritjen e indeksit t\u00eb \u00e7mimeve.<\/p>\n

Por nj\u00eb zgjidhje t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme dhe nj\u00eb reforme t\u00eb plot\u00eb dhe afatgjat\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte vendosja e sistemit vetekapitalizues privat (kolona e dyt\u00eb), si pjes\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebse e sistemit t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm t\u00eb pensioneve, ashtu si\u00e7 e kan\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb v\u00ebndet, madje edhe ato p\u00ebrreth nesh si, Kroacia, Bullgaria, Maqedonia e Veriut, Kosova etj.<\/p>\n

Duke vendosur nj\u00eb sistem te alternuar pensionesh me dy komponent t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, nj\u00eb sistem publik baz\u00eb t\u00eb konsoliduar dhe nj\u00eb sistem\u00a0privat t\u00eb zhvilluar, i detyruesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr brezin e ri krijohen premisa, jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin gradual t\u00eb situat\u00ebs financiare t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb pensioneve, por ndihmohet edhe ekonomin\u00eb\u00a0e vendit duke mobilizuar kursimet e popullat\u00ebs p\u00ebrmes kontributeve n\u00eb ivestime.<\/p>\n

Duhet pranuar q\u00eb sistemet private t\u00eb pensioneve sot paraqiten si nj\u00eb domosdoshm\u00ebri e koh\u00ebs. Si\u00e7 dihet skema e solidaritetit mendohet q\u00eb e kreu mir\u00eb misionin e saj, ato ishin shum\u00eb efektive kur kishim nj\u00eb popull\u00ebsi t\u00eb re, ku shum\u00eb punonin e kontribuonin dhe pak p\u00ebrfitonin – paguaj pak e merr shum\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Por n\u00eb kushtet e plakjes s\u00eb popull\u00ebsis\u00eb ku k\u00ebto raporte kan\u00eb ndryshuar shume, tani – paguaj shume e mer gjithmon e me pak, pothuajse n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn, p\u00ebr v\u00ebndet e zhvilluara pas viteve 1980 dhe p\u00ebr v\u00ebndet n\u00eb zhvillim pas viteve 1995 jan\u00eb futur si komponent\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb pensioni edhe skemat private.<\/p>\n

Sistemet private t\u00eb pensioneve i japin zgjidhje mjaft problemeve q\u00eb dikton koha:<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00eb pari,<\/strong> zgjidhin kontradikt\u00ebn e brezave,\u00a0 duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb brezin e ri m\u00eb t\u00eb interesuar p\u00eb tu siguruar<\/p>\n

S\u00eb dyti<\/strong>, zgjidhin problemet e shtr\u00ebmb\u00ebrimit t\u00eb tregut t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, mjaft shqet\u00ebsuese p\u00ebr ekonomin\u00eb Shqiptare, si n\u00eb rastin e evazionit t\u00eb zi,por ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht atij gri, pasi lidhet shum\u00eb mir\u00eb masa e kontributit me at\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitimit.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb treti<\/strong>, ofrojn\u00eb p\u00ebrfitime n\u00eb kushte m\u00eb t\u00eb favor\u00ebshme moshe, vjet\u00ebrsie n\u00eb pun\u00eb e mas\u00eb pensioni, duke siguruar n\u00eb \u00e7do koh\u00eb nj\u00eb transparenc\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Vendosja e sistemit t\u00eb detyruesh\u00ebm privat t\u00eb pensioneve edhe ne Shqiperi,duke ndar\u00eb 3-5% t\u00eb kontributit p\u00ebr skemat vet\u00ebkapitalizuese kusht\u00ebzohet edhe nga nevoja q\u00eb ka shteti Shqip\u00ebtar p\u00ebr burime financiare. N\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet vendosjes s\u00eb skem\u00ebs vet\u00ebkapitalizuese rriten investimet n\u00eb ekonomi duke\u00a0 mobilizuar asetet e t\u00eb siguruarve q\u00eb jan\u00eb investuar ne obligacione shtet\u00ebrore\u00a0 afat gjate 5-10-15 vje\u00e7are.<\/p>\n

Nga shifrat q\u00eb publikon Instituti i Sigurimeve Shoq\u00ebrore, nga disa p\u00ebrllogaritje, n\u00eb k\u00ebto skema p\u00ebr nj\u00eb vit grumbullohen 13.5 miliard lek\u00eb, ose 96.5 milion Euro, t\u00eb cilat rriten \u00e7do vit progresivisht dhe vet\u00ebm pas 10 viteve ato arrijn\u00eb n\u00eb 230-250 miliard lek\u00eb ose 1.750 milion Euro.<\/p>\n

Mund\u00ebsia e mobilizimit t\u00eb tyre p\u00ebr ekonomin\u00eb e v\u00ebndit do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte q\u00eb t\u00eb specifikohet n\u00eb ligj, si shum\u00eb v\u00ebnde n\u00eb zhvillim q\u00eb 10 vitet e para t\u00eb investohet vet\u00ebm n\u00eb instrumenta financiar br\u00ebnda v\u00ebndit.<\/p>\n

Fondet e pensioneve private jan\u00eb nj\u00eb domosdoshm\u00ebri aq urgjente, sa nuk mund t\u00eb presin sa t\u00eb zhvillohet mjedisi i tregut t\u00eb kapitaleve vendas p\u00ebr t\u00eb filluar aktivitetin e tyre, p\u00ebrkundrazi, si n\u00eb shum\u00eb v\u00ebnde Europiane\u00a0 n\u00eb zhvillim, do jen\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht\u00a0 ato q\u00eb do t\u00eb kusht\u00ebzojn\u00eb krijimin e zhvillimin e\u00a0 k\u00ebtij tregu.<\/p>\n

Mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb arsyetim, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb zgjidhje afatgjat\u00eb t\u00eb problematikave q\u00eb shfaq sistemi i sigurimit t\u00eb detyruesh\u00ebm shtet\u00ebror, K\u00ebshilli Administrativ i Institutit t\u00eb Sigurimeve Shoq\u00ebrore, si organi m\u00eb i lart\u00eb ekzekutiv, mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb studimin e nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb me grup ekspert\u00ebsh, miratoi reformimin e sistemit dhe hapi rrug\u00ebn p\u00ebr zhvillimin e skemave t\u00eb alternuara edhe n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuad\u00ebr iniciativa e nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsoj\u00eb dhe plot\u00ebsoj\u00eb kuadrin ligjor t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb Sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore sipas modelit evropian dhe praktikave m\u00eb t\u00eb mira nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare.<\/p>\n

Ekzistojn\u00eb shum\u00eb shembuj, ku vende t\u00eb ndryshme kan\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatur sistemin e tyre t\u00eb pensioneve konform ndryshimeve t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme demografike e social-ekonomike q\u00eb po p\u00ebrjetojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Situata Aktuale e Sistemit t\u00eb Pensioneve n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb fakt i pranuar tashm\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb sistemin e sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore, pensionet jan\u00eb faktor i konsideruesh\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem ekonomik t\u00eb caktuar dhe nje element i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm e i paz\u00ebvend\u00ebsuesh\u00ebm i mbrojtjes sociale. Prej tyre p\u00ebrfitojn\u00eb aktualisht rreth 20.6% e popullsis\u00eb, ose 660 mij\u00eb pensionist\u00eb, tregues ky, me prirje t\u00eb qarta drejt rrritjes. Vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr pensione sot shpenzohen nga buxheti i sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore mbi 110 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb e barabart\u00eb me 80% t\u00eb gjith\u00eb buxhetit t\u00eb sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore<\/p>\n

Sistemi i pensioneve n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi dhe problematika e madhe q\u00eb paraqet financimi n\u00eb zhvillim i k\u00ebtij sistemi n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti, kan\u00eb t\u00ebrhequr vazhdimisht v\u00ebmendjen e institucioneve t\u00eb interesuara p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur forma e metoda m\u00eb efikase n\u00eb administrimin e k\u00ebsaj skeme.<\/p>\n

Duke e analizuar k\u00ebt\u00eb proces, konstatohet se treguesit kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb funksionimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtij sistemi jan\u00eb mjaft shqet\u00ebsuese. Niveli mjaft i ul\u00ebt i t\u00eb ardhurave n\u00eb raport me G.D.P. (5.6% kundrejt 8 \u2013 10 % t\u00eb vendeve p\u00ebrreth nesh), raporti i ul\u00ebt kontribues\/p\u00ebrfitues 1.1 me 1, shkalla shum\u00eb e ul\u00ebt e z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimit (raporti pension mesatar \/ pag\u00eb mesatare) 35-38% kundrejt 75 %, k\u00ebrkesa ligjore, si dhe p\u00ebrqindja e ul\u00ebt e popullsis\u00eb n\u00eb mosh\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb inkluduar n\u00eb sistem (vet\u00ebm 30-32%) etj,. N\u00eb k\u00ebto kushte, duhet pranuar se sistemi ofron pergjith\u00ebsisht p\u00ebrfitime t\u00eb ul\u00ebta me ngarkesa kontributive t\u00eb larta.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Si rrjedhoj\u00eb e t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebtyre dukurive negative, zhvillimi i sistemit t\u00eb pensioneve dhe rritja e q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebris\u00eb financiare t\u00eb tij \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb domosdoshm\u00ebri q\u00eb lidhur me tre \u00e7\u00ebshtje kryesore q\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb zgjidhje.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb pari<\/strong> – Deficiti aktual i sistemit t\u00eb pensioneve \u00ebsht\u00eb i lart\u00eb, ai arrin n\u00eb 2.24% t\u00eb PPB dhe, n\u00eb k\u00ebto kushte, parashikimet aktuariale supozojn\u00eb p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsim t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj gjendjeje.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb dyti<\/strong> – Mos fuksionimi i skemave private t\u00eb pensioneve p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb 10-15 vje\u00e7are n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri ka ulur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ndjeshme shkall\u00ebn e z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimit (pension mesatar\/pag\u00eb mesatare),ose me sakt\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurat mesatare t\u00eb nj\u00eb pensionisti.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb treti<\/strong> – Problemet e papunesise, t\u00eb informalitetit dhe ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht t\u00eb emigracionit n\u00eb mosh\u00eb pune, kan\u00eb ulur ndjesh\u00ebm p\u00ebrqindjen e popullsis\u00eb kontribuese n\u00eb k\u00ebto 15 vitet e fundit, duke krijuar nj\u00eb shqet\u00ebsim t\u00eb madh social p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen.<\/p>\n

DISA NGA MASAT\u00a0 Q\u00cb MENDOJM\u00cb SE DUHET T\u00cb MERREN N\u00cb FUSH\u00cbN E PENSIONEVE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebr masat q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb merren p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e tregut t\u00eb pensoneve mund t\u00eb themi me bindje t\u00eb plot\u00eb se, \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvillimi i skemave private vet\u00ebkapitalizuese t\u00eb pensioneve. Me t\u00eb drejt\u00eb sot ky sistem konsiderohet si nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb e domosdoshme e koh\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Legjislacioni shqiptar aktualisht lejon funksionimin e dy sistemeve (kolonave). Sistemi shtet\u00ebror dhe ai privat vullnetar suplementar. P\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur shkall\u00ebn e z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimit (raportin midis pag\u00ebs mesatare me pensionin mesatar), i cili aktualisht \u00ebsht\u00eb 35-40%, kundrejt 70 – 75% q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb, k\u00ebrkohet t\u00eb zhvillohen skemat private.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb pari<\/strong>, t\u00eb inkurajohet skema vullnetare suplementare e sapo krijuar e pensioneve. Sipas ligjit, kjo skem\u00eb kryen dy fuksione: jep pensione shtes\u00eb mbi ato q\u00eb jep sistemi i detyruar shtet\u00ebror dhe jep pensione n\u00eb kushte m\u00eb t\u00eb favorshme nga ato q\u00eb afon skema baz\u00eb. Kjo skem\u00eb ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb p\u00ebrkujdesje m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe, p\u00ebrmes sistemit fiskal,t\u00eb leht\u00ebsirave fiskale, zgjerimit t\u00eb llojeve t\u00eb fondeve, sidomos ato profesionale etj, p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur interesimin, si\u00e7 veprohet sot n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb dyti, <\/strong>t\u00eb vendoset sistemi privat i detyruar, cka do te kerkoje nje ndarje te kontributit ne dy pjese, nje kontribut shoqeror qe do duhet te perballoje sistemin aktual te pensioneve dhe nje pjes kontribut individual, qe do derdh\u00eb ne llogarit\u00eb e veta te fondit te pensioneve. Kjo behet me imperative duke marr\u00eb n\u00eb konsiderat\u00eb nevoj\u00ebn q\u00eb ka tregu shqiptar n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e investimeve dhe popullsin\u00eb e re q\u00eb ka Shqip\u00ebria, ku mosha mesatare \u00ebsht\u00eb aktualisht 38 vje\u00e7 (INSTAT\u00a0Janar\u00a02021), kundrejt 45 q\u00eb e ka Europa.<\/p>\n

Me ngritjen e k\u00ebtyre skemave, krijohet mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr funksionimin e sistemit shum\u00ebkollon\u00ebsh t\u00eb sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore edhe n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri.<\/p>\n

*Autori \u00ebsht\u00eb ekspert i Sigurimeve Shoq\u00ebrore<\/strong> dhe K\u00ebshilltar i P\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm pran\u00eb Fondit t\u00eb Pensioneve Private SIGAL <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00ebse keni nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebshillim, mund t\u00eb kontaktoni n\u00eb:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Tel: <\/em><\/strong>+355 44511666<\/p>\n

Email<\/strong>: info@fondisigal.com.al<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga Naim Hasa* Sigurimi i shtetasve n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e pleq\u00ebris\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb problem i \u00e7do shoq\u00ebrie. N\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimin e nivelit t\u00eb tyre ndikojn\u00eb duksh\u00ebm disa arritje, si niveli ekonomik, struktura demografike e popullsis\u00eb, interesi i individit p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e tyre, etj. Mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb baz\u00eb, \u00e7do vend ka nd\u00ebrtuar sistemin e vet t\u00eb Sigurimeve Shoq\u00ebrore. P\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht duhet …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-759","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-aktualitet"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/759","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=759"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/759\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=759"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=759"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=759"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}