{"id":80475,"date":"2024-05-27T17:49:10","date_gmt":"2024-05-27T17:49:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/?p=80475"},"modified":"2024-05-27T17:49:10","modified_gmt":"2024-05-27T17:49:10","slug":"komercializimi-i-mikrofinances-si-komplot-kunder-te-varferve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/2024\/05\/27\/komercializimi-i-mikrofinances-si-komplot-kunder-te-varferve\/","title":{"rendered":"Komercializimi i mikrofinanc\u00ebs si komplot kund\u00ebr t\u00eb varf\u00ebrve"},"content":{"rendered":"

Klodian Tomorri<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitet 70\u2019 nj\u00eb djalosh i ri i sapodiplomuar nga Universiteti i Vanderbiltit nisi t\u00eb punonte n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb do t\u00eb quhej mikrofinanca. N\u00eb zonat rurale t\u00eb Bangladeshit, Muhammad Yunus vuri re se shum\u00eb fermer\u00eb dhe artizan\u00eb i financonin bizneset e tyre duke marr\u00eb borxhe me interesa t\u00eb pap\u00ebrballuesh\u00ebm nga fajdexhinjt\u00eb, pasi refuzoheshin nga bankat.<\/p>\n

I shtyr\u00eb nga kjo, ekonomisti i ri do t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtonte nj\u00eb skem\u00eb gjeniale financimi jo fitimprur\u00ebse e cila kishte dy q\u00ebllime. T\u00eb eliminonte hudh\u00ebn\u00ebsit peshkaqen\u00eb, q\u00eb pasuroheshin n\u00eb kurriz t\u00eb t\u00eb varf\u00ebrve dhe t\u00eb ndihmonte familjet e varfra t\u00eb ngrinin bizneset e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb dal\u00eb nga varf\u00ebria.<\/p>\n

Gjith\u00e7ka nisi n\u00eb nj\u00eb fshat t\u00eb quajtur Jobra, ku zoti Yunus rifinancoi fajdet\u00eb e 42 familjeve, p\u00ebrmes kredive t\u00eb vogla me interesa shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta. Ky model- hua t\u00eb vogla me interesa t\u00eb ul\u00ebta p\u00ebr grupet e huamarr\u00ebsve \u2013 u b\u00eb guri i themelit p\u00ebr krijimin e bank\u00ebs Grameen dhe l\u00ebvizjen mbar\u00ebbot\u00ebrore t\u00eb mikrofinanc\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, suksesi ishte aq i madh, saq\u00eb Yunus do t\u00eb nderohej me \u00e7mimin Nobel dhe askush nuk e \u00e7onte n\u00ebp\u00ebr mend se nj\u00eb dit\u00eb mikrofinanca do t\u00eb krijonte llojin e saj t\u00eb kredive grabitqare. Por ja q\u00eb ndodhi.<\/p>\n

Problemet e para nis\u00ebn rreth vitit 2005, kur shum\u00eb huadh\u00ebn\u00ebs filluan t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonin rrug\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar para nga mikrokredit\u00eb duke ndryshuar statusin e tyre nga organizata jo fitimprur\u00ebse n\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrje komerciale.<\/p>\n

Rrufeja e par\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb bank\u00eb meksikane e quajtur Compartamos. E themeluar n\u00eb vitin 1990 si nj\u00eb organizat\u00eb jofitimprur\u00ebse q\u00eb ndoqi m\u00ebsimet e N\u00ebn\u00eb Terez\u00ebs, Compartamos u konvertua n\u00eb nj\u00eb bank\u00eb tregtare n\u00eb vitin 2000. M\u00eb pas ajo p\u00ebrdori financime nga Banka Bot\u00ebrore dhe donator\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, p\u00ebr ta transformuar veten n\u00eb modelin e nj\u00eb kompanie fitimprur\u00ebse, e specializuar n\u00eb dh\u00ebnien e mikrokredive.<\/p>\n

Dall\u00ebndyshja e par\u00eb meksikane e s\u00eb keqes u pasua nga shum\u00eb t\u00eb tjera kudo n\u00eb bot\u00eb. Institucionet e mikrokredis\u00eb nis\u00ebn t\u00eb shnd\u00ebrroheshin n\u00eb seri nga OJF n\u00eb kompani fitimprur\u00ebse. Por komercializimi i mikrofinanc\u00ebs krijonte nj\u00eb incentiv\u00eb perverse, e cila devijonte rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsisht q\u00ebllimin e saj.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar fitime p\u00ebr aksioner\u00ebt e tyre, huadh\u00ebn\u00ebsit nis\u00ebn t\u00eb rrisnin ndjesh\u00ebm normat e interesit dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshiheshin n\u00eb aktivitete agresive p\u00ebr mbledhjen e borxheve. Empatia q\u00eb ekzistonte dikur kundrejt kredimarr\u00ebsve u zhduk. Njer\u00ebzit, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt mikrokredia supozohej se do t\u2019i ndihmonte nis\u00ebn t\u00eb mbyteshin n\u00eb spiralen e borxheve dhe mjerimit.\u00a0Dhe sikur t\u00eb mos mjaftonin t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto, modeli u zhvendos nga kreditimi i bizneseve q\u00eb gjeneronin t\u00eb ardhura tek dh\u00ebnia e kredive konsumatore p\u00ebr shpenzimet e p\u00ebrditshme.<\/p>\n

Pas k\u00ebtyre zhvillimeve, vet\u00eb themeluesi i mikrofinanc\u00ebs do t\u00eb publikonte nj\u00eb artikull n\u00eb New York Times, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin shkroi se komercializimi i mikrofinanc\u00ebs ishte as m\u00eb shum\u00eb e as m\u00eb pak, nj\u00eb komplot kund\u00ebr t\u00eb varf\u00ebrve. Skema q\u00eb Yunus ngriti p\u00ebr t\u00eb luftuar varf\u00ebrin\u00eb u shnd\u00ebrrua n\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrbind\u00ebsh mjerimi, q\u00eb i zhyste t\u00eb varf\u00ebrit thell\u00eb e m\u00eb thell\u00eb n\u00eb vorteksin e borxheve t\u00eb r\u00ebnda.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr fatin e keq ky \u00ebsht\u00eb modeli q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin disa nga institucionet kryesore t\u00eb mikrofinanc\u00ebs sot n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri. T\u00eb pakt\u00ebn, pjesa m\u00eb e dukshme e tyre. K\u00ebto kompani japin kredi konsumatore me norma interesi deri n\u00eb 100 p\u00ebr qind p\u00ebr \u00e7do individ, pavar\u00ebsisht aft\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb tij p\u00ebr ta shlyer at\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Por ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb model aq absurd saq\u00eb ngrihet mbi vet\u00eb paradoksin. Avokat\u00ebt e mikrofinanc\u00ebs thon\u00eb se ajo u jep akses n\u00eb financime individ\u00ebve t\u00eb varf\u00ebr, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt nuk kualifikohen dot p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb hua n\u00eb banka. Por n\u00ebse nj\u00eb individ nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrballoj\u00eb interesin 10 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb kredis\u00eb n\u00eb bank\u00eb, si mundet t\u00eb shlyej\u00eb nj\u00eb hua me interes 100 p\u00ebr qind nga institucionet jo bankare?<\/p>\n

Ndaj mikrofinanca komerciale \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb model pervers n\u00eb themel, q\u00eb prodhon kryesisht dy pasoja. Ngarkimin e familjeve t\u00eb varfra me borxhe grabitqare dhe infektimin e ekonomis\u00eb me skaljone t\u00eb m\u00ebdha kredish t\u00eb k\u00ebqija. N\u00eb rang bot\u00ebror, statistikisht gjysma e kredive t\u00eb mikrofinanc\u00ebs komerciale shnd\u00ebrrohen n\u00eb kredi t\u00eb pashlyera. M\u00eb pas debitor\u00ebt e tyre hidhen n\u00eb kthetrat e p\u00ebrmbarimit dhe dramave sociale.<\/p>\n

Ata q\u00eb thon\u00eb se komercializimi \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00ebnyra e vetme p\u00ebr t\u00eb t\u00ebrhequr m\u00eb shum\u00eb kapital n\u00eb mikrofinanc\u00eb duke hequr var\u00ebsin\u00eb e tij nga donacionet dhe bamir\u00ebsia mashtrojn\u00eb. Grameen Bank financonte deri n\u00eb 100 milion\u00eb dollar\u00eb n\u00eb muaj kredi p\u00ebr familjet e varfra t\u00eb Bangladeshit, t\u00eb cilat buronin nga depozitat e vet\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve t\u00eb k\u00ebtij vendit.\u00a0Banka aplikonte vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb spread 10 p\u00ebr qind mbi norm\u00ebn e depozitave p\u00ebr t\u00eb financuar shpenzimet administrative dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb zmadhuar kapitalin disponib\u00ebl kreditues. Por asnj\u00ebher\u00eb p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime fitimi. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb mikrofinanca. Gjith\u00e7ka tjet\u00ebr jasht\u00eb k\u00ebtij konturi \u00ebsht\u00eb, n\u00eb rastin m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb risk.<\/p>\n

Model i mikrofinanc\u00ebs sociale pa q\u00ebllime fitimi vazhdon t\u00eb aplikohet edhe n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri nga disa institucione jo bankare, t\u00eb cilat mobilizojn\u00eb kapitale nga grupe t\u00eb caktuara dhe i shp\u00ebrndajn\u00eb ato n\u00eb financimin e aktiviteteve sip\u00ebrmarr\u00ebse. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb modeli q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ruhet. Nd\u00ebrsa mikrofinanca komerciale duhet t\u00eb vritet. Sepse \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb treg pervers, i cili prodhon zero vler\u00eb p\u00ebr ekonomin\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb mal dramash sociale p\u00ebr shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Klodian Tomorri N\u00eb vitet 70\u2019 nj\u00eb djalosh i ri i sapodiplomuar nga Universiteti i Vanderbiltit nisi t\u00eb punonte n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb do t\u00eb quhej mikrofinanca. N\u00eb zonat rurale t\u00eb Bangladeshit, Muhammad Yunus vuri re se shum\u00eb fermer\u00eb dhe artizan\u00eb i financonin bizneset e tyre duke marr\u00eb borxhe me interesa t\u00eb pap\u00ebrballuesh\u00ebm nga fajdexhinjt\u00eb, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":4115,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-80475","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-ekonomi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80475","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80475"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80475\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4115"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80475"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=80475"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=80475"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}